Influence of risk factors on the rate of infectious complications in cardiac surgery practice: minimally invasive access vs complete sternotomy

Introduction. This article presents a five-year clinical observation of 100 patients with concomitant bone pathology, as well as diabetes mellitus and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. All patients underwent surgical treatment of cardiac pathology using various approaches. The purpose of the study. To determine the influence of modifiable risk factors on the development of complications of postoperative chest wounds. Materials and methods of research. Of 4,000 patients, 100 were selected. 47 patients were male and 53 were female. The average age was 60 years. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group of patients had a standard sternotomy approach. The second group of patients underwent mini-J sternotomy and minithoracotomy. Treatment results. In patients who underwent surgery through a mini-access, the number of cases of respiratory and cardiac failure, septic conditions decreased. Also, in these patients, the number of cases of sternomediastinitis and soft tissue diastasis in the early postoperative period statistically significantly decreased. At the same time, no fatal outcomes were recorded in either group. Conclusion. After evaluating the postoperative results, conclusions were made about the advantage of minimally invasive access over full longitudinal sternotomy. A positive effect was also established from the use of mini-J sternotomy and mini thoracotomy as a faster recovery of the patient in the early postoperative period.