The effect of phosphorus fertilizers on the yield of potatoes on chestnut soil

The use of mineral fertilizers is one of the decisive factors in the intensification of agricultural production, including vegetable growing. The variety of mineral fertilizers in terms of the ratio of components and producers is constantly increasing, and this requires an increase in the efficiency of their use and the return for every ruble spent on their purchase. The doses of fertilizers on various backgrounds, the optimal ratio between nutrients in them, the timing and methods of their application for each crop with strict consideration of soil and weather conditions are of particular importance. Field studies were carried out on chestnut soils in order to identify the effect of phosphorus fertilizers on potatoes in 2017-2017. There is a direct relationship between the potato yield and the increasing doses of phosphorus fertilizers (r = 0.98). So, in 2016, 33.7-34.7 tons were obtained from 1 hectare, while in 2017 - 31.7-34.3 tons/ha of yield from phosphorus doses ranging from 45 to 90 kg of active agent/ha on various nitrogen-potassium backgrounds. On average, the increase to the background in the best option (N45P90K45) amounted to 4.5 t/ha or 15%, however, the maximum value of the payback indicator was when P45 kg of active agent/ha was applied against the background of N45K45. One of the most important substances in potatoes in terms of quality is starch, which on average accounts for 80% of the dry residue. In terms of the level of starch accumulation, almost all options had a positive effect compared to the control sample, where the indicator amounted to 13.1-14.8%. In general, fertilizers have an inconsistent effect on the accumulation of starch in potato tubers, on average the content is almost the same for the options included in the experiment.