The impact of herbicides on the productivity of spring wheat new cultivars

The research was conducted for the purpose of studying the effect of herbicides on the productivity of spring wheat new varieties created in the Irkutsk Research Institute of Agriculture in 2017-2019. The cultivars (factor A) Tulunskaya 11, Marsianka and Stolypinka were used for seeding. The following variants (factor B) were studied in the experiment: the control (without herbicides); Granary, VDG - 25 g/hectare; Lancelot 450, WDG - 33 g/hectare; Puma Plus, CE - 1.5 l/hectare; Lastic TOP, OCE - 0.5 l/hectare; tank mixtures: Lastic TOP, MKE - 0.4 l/hectare and Magnum, WDG - 8 g/hectare; Puma Super 100, CE - 0.6 l/hectare and Secator Turbo, OD - 50 ml/hectare; Balerina, SE - 0,4 l/hectare and Mortira, VDG - 15 g/hectare. The sowing of new wheat cultivars was proceeded on May, 10 at the seeding rate 7 mln germinal seeds per 1 hectare. At the moment of applying herbicides the total average number of weedy plants amounted to 73.6 sps/m2 including perennial ones - 9.7 %. Сhemical weeding of crops was made in mid-June, in the tillering phase of wheat. In 20-22 days after treating with herbicides the major part of weeds was eliminated. Sow thistle and corn thistle proved to be more resistant. The removal of plants from a negative impact of weeds provided more favorable conditions for their growth and yield formation. The highest increase in grain 0.49-0.52 t/hectare, or 15.6-17.5 % was obtained in using the tank mixture Lastic TOP, OCE and Magnum, VDG. The application of herbicides made a positive effect on the quality of grain and seeds. There was a noticeable rise in test weight and hardness of grain, the content of raw gluten and protein in grain; germination energy and germinating capacity of seeds raise. The cultivar Marsianka had higher grain quality, Tulunskaya 11 - higher quality of seeds. The variety Stolypinka supplied the largest yield 3.71 t/hectare, pure income 15.788 thousand rub/hectare and profitability 113.6 % in case of treating its crops with the tank mixture Lastic TOP and Magnum.