The influence of ecology on the genetic aspects of infertility in women with reduced ovarian reserve. Literature review

One of the serious problems of women's health is that over the past 5 years, the frequency of gynecological diseases among women of reproductive age has increased, including infertility by 43%. [23] Thus, genetic aspects become an important cause of infertility with reduced ovarian reserve, some of which are strongly influenced by environmental factors of the environment. 15-17% of couples cannot conceive a child, while 40-60% due to female infertility. Infertility as a social problem is often the cause of loss of interest in life, work, the development of severe psychosexual and emotional disorders. [22,24] This cause is influenced by many factors. One of the aspects is genetic and ecological, which affects the reduction of ovarian reserve in a woman. Ovarian reserve is the functional state of the reproductive system, the usefulness of which ensures the growth, maturation of the follicle, maturation of the oocyte in the dominant follicle, ovulation and fertilization of a full-fledged egg.[3] Depending on the age of a woman, a different number of oocytes is needed to obtain one normal embryo. A full-fledged ovarian reserve in assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs provides an adequate response of the ovary to the introduction of ovulation inducers and determines the success of such programs. Today there are several methods for determining the biological and functional age of the ovary.[10] In addition, an important factor in the reduced ovarian reserve is the genetic predisposition of a woman. Ovarian reserve is influenced by such genes as ESR1 (T-397C), ESR2 (C-13950T), CYP19A (G681A), FSHR (T1961C) and others. This paper provides a review of the literature on the genetic aspect of infertility with reduced ovarian reserve.