The influence of electric and magnetic fields on microstructural changes in the soil mass in order to reduce its resistance

An urgent task of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is to increase the quantity and improve the quality of crop production while reducing energy costs. The efficiency of its production is determined by the interaction of technological processes with plants and soil. In this paper, the influence of soil structure and soil moisture, electroosmosis and magnetic field on the coefficient of soil friction against metal was analyzed. It is shown that the use of electroosmosis promotes the movement of soil moisture from the adjacent soil layer and its localization in the form of a film on the working surface of the plow. Analysis of the experimental results of a number of studies has shown that during electroosmosis, the coefficient of soil friction against metal decreases with increasing soil moisture. It is established that the maximum decrease in the coefficient of friction is observed at soil moisture W=40%. This is due to the fact that at W=20% there is not enough free water to create a lubricating film of the desired thickness. It is shown that an increase in the size of macroaggregates leads to a decrease in the coefficient of friction in comparison with the control by 56-88% during electroosmosis. This is due to a decrease in the area of contact of macroaggregates with the metal surface. It has been found that a magnetic field with a strength of 1500 E leads to a 2,0-fold decrease in average dust and an 80% increase in coarse dust, and a field with H=9000 E leads to a restructuring of the soil mass and even promotes the movement of particles in space. This can lead to a break in the links between them. Approximating dependences are obtained that allow determining the coefficient of soil friction against metal depending on the size of macroaggregates (from 1,5 mm to 6,0 mm) at soil moisture of 20% and 25%. The relevance of scientific research on the development of technical means allowing the use of electric and magnetic fields in soil cultivation in order to reduce the coefficient of friction is shown.