The effect of intestinal microflora resistant to antibiotics and drugs on the soil microbiome

The purpose of the article was to study the current state of the problem of the influence of intestinal microflora resistant to antibiotics and drugs contained in manure from conventional livestock farms on the soil microbiome and the spread of ARGs in the environment. Search engines such as "Google Scholar", "Web of Science" and "Pubmed" were used to form the presented review article. The most relevant keywords presented in the article were used for logical search. The team of authors analyzed 123 sources published since 2000 until June 2024, 52 of them were used in preparing the review. In addition, cross-references to the found publications were evaluated. An analysis of the scientific literature has shown very diverse and distinctly different bacterial communities contained in fresh feces and manure. It was found that the species and resistant bacteria of the intestinal microflora of humans and animals increased significantly during the accumulation of feces. Scientists have noted that when using manure in agriculture, veterinary drugs and biocides enter the environment and, consequently, affect the quality of soil and water. Depending on boundary conditions such as storage temperature, dry matter content, animal feeding, and availability of electron acceptors, pharmaceuticals and biocides may undergo further transformation. Thus, an analysis of the scientific literature has shown that this is one of the most difficult topics in which there are gaps in knowledge related to the composition, development or spread of resistance, or adaptation and activity of the microbial community. As a result of the study of generalized monitoring studies, it can be concluded that veterinary medicines are found everywhere in manure. The concentrations of sulfadiazine and chlortetracycline in the environment exceeded the predicted concentrations. At the same time, such monitoring studies are very relevant from the point of view of environmental risk assessment.