The effect of bone marrow cells on reparative processes in endoprosthetics of the abdominal wall (experimental study)

Rationale: The modern trend of Russian and world herniology is to shift the emphasis towards endoprosthetics of the abdominal wall with lightweight prostheses that do not significantly affect the quality of life of patients after surgery. However, the disadvantage of lightweight meshes is their insufficient strength due to the weak strength of the connective tissue of the abdominal wall during their implantation. The connective tissue capsule around the prosthesis cannot always sharply reduce the intra-abdominal pressure that occurs in some cases of relapse of the disease. A promising example of this problem is the use of bone marrow cells that stimulate tissue regeneration processes, which ensures a shorter period of formation of strong connective tissue.Objective: to experimentally study the effect of bone marrow cells on the course of the wound process after subcutaneous implantation of a lightweight polypropylene prosthesis on aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis muscles.Materials: The experimental study was performed on 30 rabbits divided into two groups of 15 animals. Subcutaneous implantation of a lightweight polypropylene prosthesis for aponeurosis of rectus abdominis muscles was performed in both groups. The animals in the first group were not injected with bone marrow cells. In the second group, after implantation of the prosthesis, bone marrow cells were taken from the crest of the rabbit ilium using a 2.5 ml spinal puncture needle. Then bone marrow cells of 0.5 ml were injected under the center of the prosthesis and in the area of its four corners to the places from which the process of implant rejection begins. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th days after surgery, a section of the rabbit’s anterior abdominal wall was excised along with the implanted prosthesis and a standard histological examination was performed.Results: The inflammatory reaction in the first group lasted 7 days, in the second - 3 days. The peak of the fibroblastic reaction occurred in the first at 14, in the second at 7 days. Durable connector.Conclusion: the introduction of bone marrow cells into the implantation zone of a lightweight polypropylene prosthesis makes it possible to optimize the reparative processes in the wound.