Impact of mineral nutrition and biological products in barley and pea cultivation for grain purposes

The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Northwestern Dairy Farming and Grassland Management Research Institute on the drained sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil. The crops such as barley - variety “Vybor” and peas - field variety“SZM-85” included in the register of the Vologda Oblast were used in the field test. They were grown in single-crop sowing and mixed crop sowing with a ratio of components in the mixture of 60:40% from the seeding rate in its pure form. The scheme of the test included 21 variant, the area of the test plot was5.8 m2, 4-fold tier. Placement of variants was systematic. Records and observations were carried out by according to the technique developed at the All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute and the “Evaluation of microbial preparations efficiency in agriculture”. The aim of the research was to study the effect of fertilizers and biological products on the yield and quality of barley and peas in single-crop and mixed crop sowing during harvesting for grain purposes. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: to assess the impact of fertilizers and biological products on the yield of barley and peas in single-crop and mixed crop sowing; to determine the impact of fertilizers and biological products on the quality of barley and peas; to study the influence of mineral fertilizers and biologicals on plant height and weight of 1,000 seeds of barley and peas. As a result of the research, it was established that the biological product of associative diazotrophs Flavobacterium increases the yield of barley grain with or without the application of fertilizers. The use of fungus arbuscular mycorrhizae provides an increase in the yield of a single-crop sowing of peas. In the mixed sowing of barley and peas, the yield of grain increases with inoculation of seeds with nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-mobilizing preparations. The growth of grain yield due to application of biological products is caused by changes in the structure of elements that determine the grain productivity of crops. In mixed sowing with peas, favorable conditions are created for the nitrogen nutrition of barley; as a result, even without the introduction of nitrogen fertilizer, the same amount of raw protein accumulates in the grain as when applying N30. The AM preparation has a positive effect on plants in both single-crop sowing of peas and the sowing of peas mixed with barley. The use of biological products and fertilizers in full dose (N30P30K45) in the cultivation of annual crops provides an increase in grain yields by 20-36% and allows for obtaining forage with a high content of crude protein in barley grain to 20.3% and in peas - to 28.3%.