Influence of minimum tillage on the soil structural state

The purpose of research is to study the effect of moldboard and zero systems of basic tillage on the structural state of leached chernozem under corn crops in a grain-fallow crop rotation in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The study was carried out in 2019-2020 in a stationary field experiment of a typical forest-steppe. It has been established that the refusal to carry out the main tillage contributes to an increase in the content of agronomically valuable aggregates with a size of 0.25-10.0 mm in a layer of 0-30 cm by 12.2 % compared to the option of moldboard plowing. In terms of the content of water-stable aggregates, the variant without the main tillage also had an undoubted advantage, in the soil of which the content of water-stable aggregates was 16.8 % higher, and the water resistance coefficient increased from 1.6 to 3.5. Refusal to carry out dump processing increases the anti-erosion resistance of the soil. The soil surface of the variant with moldboard tillage is unstable to the effects of wind. Its wind resistance did not exceed 45 % in the 0-10 cm layer and 53-58 % in the 10-30 cm layer. At the same time, during the period of field research on the variant without the main tillage, a significant decrease in the yield of green mass of corn was found compared to the variant of moldboard plowing, both on an unfertilized and fertilized background. The use of nitrogen fertilizers increased the productivity of corn in the plowing variant by 43.2 %, and in the variant without basic tillage - by 32.8 %.