Influence on productivity of orientation zubkov when landing garlic winter in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region

In Siberian region the areas for the industrial seeding of winter garlic are quite small, as its cultivation requires a lot of manual labour especially at planting. The main factors determining the structure of seeds of vegetable crops are not only the demand for various kinds of vegetables, but the labor intensity of production, the level of mechanization of production processes, the profitability of the crop cultivation. When onion seeders are used for planting, the cloves fall in the seed furrow not with the wide root side facing down as required, but in different ways. It is of great scientific interest to find out how the orientation of garlic cloves within the seed furrow affects its growth and yield. The present article is dedicated to the clarification of this issue. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the probability of replacement of the oriented planting of cloves with scattered and non-oriented one which occurs due to the mechanization of the sowing. The experiment was conducted using Tarskiy and Komsomolets varieties which are recorded in the State Register of Vegetable Crops Breeding Achievements in West Siberian region. Based on the conducted studies we have revealed that the oriented plant- ing of cloves (with the wide root side facing down) provides earlier germination, better overwintering and greater safety of the plants before harvesting. Scattered planting does not lead to a significant reduction of yield and average weight of bulbs. Replacement of oriented planting (which is carried out only manually) with non- oriented one (mechanized planting by seed drill) is appropriate because it provides a more rational use of force and economy of effort. A higher level of profitability of 61.45 % was obtained from Tarskiy variety which was planted wide root side facing down, and the level of profitability was by 39.8 % lower when cloves were planted in a scattered way. Komsomolets variety proved to be unprofitable, as the payback at oriented planting was 0.74 ruble per 1 ruble of invested costs and at scattered planting - only 0.60 ruble.