Влияние нормы высева горчицы белой на урожайность зеленой массы

The most important condition for any farming is prevention of a decrease in soil fertility, a depletion of the macro- and microelements content vital for plants. One of the effective ways to maintain fertility in conditions of acute shortage of organic fertilizers is the cultivation of crops for a green mass for plowdown into the soil as fertilizer. White mustard is of great interest as a “green fertilizer”. For a short growing season, it is able to form a high yield of green mass. Mustard strongly reacts to changes in the nutrition area, its seeding rate depends on the region of cultivation, the purpose of sowing (seeds or green mass). Most varieties of mustard are bred in the All-Russian Research Institute of Oilseeds (Krasnodar). The recommended seeding rate for white mustard for cultivation on seeds is 7-8 kg/ha (1.3-1.5 million germinated seeds / ha). However, for the conditions of the Udmurt Republic such a seeding rate will clearly not be enough. Studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Udmurt Research Agricultural Institute in 2017. The object of research was a white mustard variety Raduga. Its seeding rates were studied - 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 (control), 3.5 and 4.0 million germinated seeds / ha (12-24 kg / ha). The obtained data showed that under conditions of lack of heat, the vegetative period of the mustard is greatly increased and from the shoots to full flowering was 48 days. The highest yield of green mass was obtained in sowing with a seeding rate of 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 million germinated seeds / ha (11.14... 11.60 t / ha).