The seeding rate influence on the main economic and valuable characteristics of winter rye varieties

The purpose of the study is to establish the optimal seeding rate for the successful cultivation of a new variety of winter rye Arga. Objectives: to evaluate the effect of sowing density on winter hardiness and resistance to lodging; to determine the range of sowing rates to ensure high yields; to reveal the influence of the seeding rate on the elements of the crop structure, the multiplication factor of seeds and the infestation of winter rye crops. The studies were carried out in 2020-2022 in the open forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk Region. The object of the study is the varieties of winter rye Krasnoyarskaya universal'naya and Arga. Seeding rates 3; 4; 5; 6; 7 million viable seeds per 1 ha. In variety Arga, winter hardiness decreased from 5.0 points when sown at 7 million/ha to 3.2 points at 3 million/ha, resistance to lodging in all variants of the experiment was 5.0 points. In the Krasnoyarskaya universal'naya, resistance to lodging decreased with an increase in the sowing rate, winter hardiness practically did not change. The yield of the variety Krasnoyarskaya universal'naya in the variants 4.5.6 and 7 million/ha was 4.12-4.27 t/ha. A significant decrease in yield (3.78 t/ha) was observed in the 3 million/ha variant. In the Arga variety, the highest value of this indicator was recorded at a seeding rate of 7 million/ha (4.42 t/ha), with a decrease in the seeding rate to 4 million and 3 million/ha, a significant decrease in yield was noted: 3.92 t/ha and 3. 01 t/ha respectively. The mass of 1000 grains of the Krasnoyarskaya universal'naya variety was 28.4-29.2 g, of the Arga variety 28.8-32.6 g. The coefficient of seed multiplication and the number of weeds increased with a decrease in sowing density. Variety Arga provides the highest yield and winter hardiness at a seeding rate of 7 million/ha. For rapid reproduction and introduction of a new variety into production, it is possible to reduce the seeding rate to 3-4 million/ha with control over the development of the weed component in crops.