Weather and climatic conditions impact on protein and oil synthesis in soybean seeds in the Primorsky region

The study of soybean samples took place in 2019-2021 in the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika” in order to determine the influence of climatic factors on the accumulation of protein and oil in soybean seeds, and to identify their adaptive indicators in the conditions of the Primorsky Region. The object of the study were 213 collection samples of soybeans, the standard variety Primorskaya 4. During the testing period, promising soybean genotypes were identified for a number of economically valuable traits for use in breeding programs. Relatively high values for the protein content in seeds (more than 40.0 %) were 14 accessions of the soybean collection, the excess over the Primorskaya 4 variety was from 1.8 to 4.2 %. The maximum values were noted in varieties NS Katya and DSh 401. The samples NS Atlas (Serbia), Mestnaya (Russia), PSB 33 (China) were distinguished by the oil content of seeds. The selected material attracts attention as a source for breeding soybean varieties with improved seed quality. Varieties Primorskaya 1395, Primorskaya 1629, Breeze and NS Atlas are characterized by high yield, exceeding the standard by 29.1-52.5 %. An increase in the yield of soybean varieties with an increase in the duration of the growing season and plant height was revealed. Protein samples (Breeze, Divnaya, OAK Prudence, Pi 180 529, Albut, DSh 863, Panorama) and oilseeds (Primorskaya 4, Primorskaya 1395, Primorskaya 1629, Kitrossa, PSB 33, Lissabon, Cmbura1, Bagera, HC Atlas) show good results in nutrient accumulation under adverse crop conditions. For the formation of a higher percentage of protein in soybeans, short-term precipitation is required in combination with an increased ambient temperature background. A high percentage of oil accumulation in soybean seeds was observed in years with contrasting conditions - excessive waterlogging with a relatively low air temperature and a lack of moisture with an elevated temperature background.