Influence of increased motion state on cardiovascular system and its regulatory mechanisms in children aged 11-16

The study involved schoolchildren who are not involved in sports (n = 104) and young athletes involved in ice hockey (n = 100) of three age groups: 11-12 years old, 13-14 years old, 15-16 years old. At rest and during the active orthostatic test, the indices of central hemodynamics and indices of heart rate variability were recorded, and the indicator of adaptation efficiency was calculated. The research was carried out at the beginning (September) and at the end (May) of the academic year. Results. In the dynamics of the academic year, both young athletes and schoolchildren who do not go in for sports at the age of 11-12 and 15-16 years old show tension in regulatory mechanisms and a decrease in the effectiveness of adaptation processes. However, the decrease in adaptive reserves in adolescents with increased motor modes is less pronounced than in schoolchildren who do not go in for sports. At the age of 13-14, the entire school year is accompanied by stress in the work of the cardiovascular system. Conclusion. Changes in the adaptive reserves of the cardiovascular system during the school year in schoolchildren aged 11-17 who do not go in for sports and athletes have the same direction. However, the reasons for the decrease in the effectiveness of adaptation of the cardiovascular system by the end of the academic year in athletes are associated with a large volume of speed-power loads and high psycho-emotional stress of training and competitive activity, and in schoolchildren who do not go in for sports, with a low level of motor activity.