The influence of the additive on the wear criterion of injector nozzles of diesel internal combustion engines of machine and tractor units

The article describes the problem that arises during the transportation and storage of diesel fuel for agricultural enterprises. The influence of the operational properties of fuel in violation of storage conditions on the operation of the machine and tractor fleet is indicated. The main reasons for the gradual failure of the fuel system of diesel internal combustion engines of machine and tractor units are described. The most failure-prone component of the diesel fuel system, which is responsible for spraying fuel into the combustion chamber, is indicated. Reduced functioning and early failures of sprayers reduce the power and economic performance of internal combustion engines, which affects the quality of agricultural operations and their timeliness. It is known that the service life of precision pairs of injector nozzles mainly depends on the lubricity of the fuel. In order to improve lubricating properties in the production and consumption of fuels, a wide range of anti-wear additives is used, the composition of which is little known. The main ways to reduce wear of nozzle parts are given. One of the ways to increase the wear resistance of nozzle parts is operational. The results of studies are indicated in which it is noted that the use of organic compounds of surfactants contained in fatty acids of vegetable oils will allow the formation of stable mixtures in diesel fuel, improving the lubricity of the fuel. The purpose of the presented research is a theoretical assessment of the effect of the damper film formed when adding an additive to fuel on the hydraulic tightness of atomizers and the operating time of precision pairs. The mechanism of influence of mixed diesel fuel with vegetable oils on the main criterion of wear of parts of injector nozzles has been studied. A mathematical model is presented that was obtained to assess the influence of mixed diesel fuel on the hydraulic tightness of the “needle-nozzle body” interface of the injector. The hydraulic density of atomizers was theoretically assessed taking into account the operational properties of fuels with an additive, and it was found that the operational properties of fuels with an additive based on vegetable oils make it possible to stabilize the lubricity of the fuel and the contact conditions of parts in the interface of the atomizer valve.