The influence of the main tillage systems on the productivity of cultivated crop rotation link of spring rape-winter wheat in leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia

In 2009-2012 in VNIIMK’s stationary experiment were studied the main tillage systems for spring rape in leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia in cultivated crop rotation. The aftereffects of these systems on winter wheat yield, productivity and economic efficiency of cultivation of crop rotation link of spring rape-winter wheat were also studied. It was determined that during the years favourable in moistening, the largest yield of the spring rape seeds (1.72- 1.96 t/ha) and oil collecting (0.72-0.82 t/ha) is formed under the system of moldboard main tillage (common moldboard plowing, shallow moldboard plowing). Under the conditions of moisture deficiency and high daily mean temperature of air during the seed-filling period, the largest yield is formed under the systems of surface, shallow moldboard and moldboardless tillage (0.98 and 0.39 t/ha respectively). The largest yield of winter wheat (4.68 t/ha) and productivity of crop rotation link of these crops (7.09 t of grain units/ha) are formed under the intensive system of main tillage. The systems of deep moldboardless, minimum (shallow moldboardless) and surface tillage stimulate the yield decrease of spring rape by 10-13 %, winter wheat - by 9-19 % and the link productivity as a whole - by 9-17 %. The systems of intensive (common moldboard) and minimum (shallow moldboard) tillage stimulate the cost price decrease of spring rape products by 370-539 rub/t, winter wheat - by 48-510 rub/t and contribute to the link net income of about 33.8-37.0 thousand roubles per 1 hectare.