The influence of stress factors on the development of biological injury at root area of safflower

The results of studying the biological features of the new introduced promising oilseed of safflower in the conditions of the Moscow region are presented. The influence of abiotic (increased and excess moisture) and biotic (various causative agents) factors on the mass of 1000 seeds, yield and oil content of safflower culture was established. For the first time we revealed the open and hidden biological injury at the root area of the technical crop, because of enzymatic EMIS stage and the subsequent seed defeat by phytopathogens. Under the influence of enzyme-mycotic seed depletion, the sowing qualities are reduced from 45 to 50%, the yield is 0.4 t/ha, the weight of 1000 seeds is 30.3 g, and the oil content is 6.4%. In the absence of precipitation in the flowering and seed filling phases, yields indicators of the safflower crop were 0.8 t/ha, weight of 1000 seeds - 44.9 g, oil content - 30.5%. It identifies Three types of open biological injury were identified - weak, strong + alternaria invasion, alternaria invasion + gray mold. In the detection of hidden biological injury in the field, an electronic analytical scanning microscope was used, with the help of which a duplicity of seeds was found in the phase of full ripeness, analogous to cereals. Analysis of seeds with symptoms of hidden biological injury reveals a wide variety of phytopathogens, the main ones are species Alternaria carthami Chowdhury (in the first place), Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link. and Fusarium spp. The noted results of the research are one of the main reasons for the loss of seed quality and the viability of seeds in safflower.