Influence of cultivation technology on agrophysical properties of the soil and productivity of the winter rapeseed on the leached chernozem of the Central Ciscaucasia

In connection with escalating interest in cultivation of crops without processing of the soil (No-till), the purpose of our researches was to establish influence of traditional and zero technology of cultivation on agrophysical properties of the soil and productivity of a winter rapeseed on the leached chernozem of the Central Ciscaucasia. It was established that at cultivation of a winter rapeseed without the soil treatment the vegetable residues of the previous crop (winter wheat) remaining on a surface of a field promote bigger accumulation of soil moisture in meter (for 31.9 %) and arable (for 46.4 %) layer of soil. However field germination of seeds of a winter rapeseed on traditional technology is higher, than on the no-till. The allelopathic influence of the crop residues of winter wheat which negatively influences not only on germination of seeds and initial growth of sprouts, but also the further growth and development of plants of a winter rapeseed is the reason for that. For this reason in a bud-formation phase green mass of plants from sq. m of crops on traditional technology was 1903, on zero one - 1315, or on 588 g (30.9 %) less. Similar situation was observed with an area of leafs. Therefore the photosynthetic potential of crops on traditional technology in average was 2.82, on zero technology - 2.12 million m 2 x days/ha, or on 0.70 million m 2 x days/ha (24.8 %) less. As a result, productivity of a winter rapeseed on traditional technology without application of fertilizers was 1.95, and on zero one - 1.36 t/ha, that was on 0.59 t/ha, or 30.2 % less. The introduced fertilizers increased productivity on both technologies, but it was on 0.51 t/ha (27.0 %) higher on traditional technology with plowing and digging of the residues of the previous crop into the soil. Therefore at development of system of agriculture without the soil treatment it is better not to include the winter rapeseed into a crop rotation.