The influence of angular parameters of the lower jaw on the localization of its fractures in an adult

The frequency of mandibular fractures averages 45-90% of cases of all cases of damage to the bones of the facial skull. Cone-beam computed tomography is the most informative method for diagnosing pathological processes, the nature and degree of damage to the jaws, as well as when planning their surgical treatment, which allows assessing both the nature of the fracture and the value of the main parameters of the jaws necessary to create intraoperative templates. In order to study the sex and age characteristics of the angular parameters of the lower jaw and their interrelation with the nature of its fractures, a study was conducted on 150 bone preparations of the lower jaws and 300 computed tomograms of patients with fractures of the lower jaw. It was established that the angle of the condyle-coronoid line and the angle of the notch were significantly greater in men, and the angle of the lower jaw - in women. It has been proven that with age there is a significant change in the studied angular parameters, which is primarily associated with the loss of teeth. The values of the angle of the lower jaw in elderly and senile people are on average 11,2% higher than in adulthood, and the angle of the condyle-coronoid line significantly decreases with age by an average of 7°. It has been proved that when the value of the angle of the lower jaw is close to the right one, the fracture line is significantly more often localized in the area of the incisors in 31,7% of cases of observations, the canines and premolars - in 20,8% of cases of observations. Fractures in the area of the condylar process in women, unlike men, in the overall structure of fractures exceed the frequency of fractures in the area of its angle. Thus, the angular parameters of the lower jaw have pronounced gender and age differences, which have a direct impact on the nature and localization of fractures of this bone. As a result, the greater the angle of the lower jaw, the greater the likelihood of its single fractures, the smaller the angle of the condyle-coronoid line, the greater the likelihood of fractures in the area of the condylar process.