Influence of a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet on age-related changes in the myocardium in rats

The increase in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders associated with longevity actualizes the study of the effect of high-calorie diets on heart aging. Aim: the experimental study of the effect of a high-carbohydrate hig -fat diet on the myocardium in young and old age. Material and Methods. A morphological study of the myocardium was carried out in four groups of male Wistar rats: group 1 - 150-day-old animals were kept on a standard diet; 2nd - 150 days, kept at a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHFD) for 90 days (from 60 days of age); 3rd - 540 days old, kept on a standard diet; 4th - 540 days old, kept at HCHFD for 90 days (from 450 days of age). ELISA method in blood serum was used to determine the concentration of fibronectin, transforming growth factor beta-1, connective tissue growth factor. Results. In groups 2–4, leukostasis, focal lympho-monocytic infiltration of the myocardial stroma, an increase in the number of myocardial cells with karyopyknosis and edema of the perinuclear zone of the sarcoplasm, contracture disorders, and an increase in the specific volume of the connective tissue of the stroma were detected. The defeat of myocardial cells and fibrosis were most pronounced in group 4. HCHFD increased the concentration of fibronectin in animals in both age groups with predominance in group 4, caused a tendency to increase the content of transforming growth factor beta-1, connective tissue growth factor in blood serum. Thus, HCHFD accelerates and enhances age-related changes in the white rat myocardium.