Domestic and foreign trade in Galicia and Bukovina in the XIX century and its ethnic and confessional features

The author analyses the dynamics of domestic and foreign trade in Galicia and Bukovina during the 19th century. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of state and legal regulation of trade, foreign trade operations and customs rules on the territory of neighbour states, where Rusyns lived compactly. The author examines the range of products, prices, main channels of sales and deliveries of goods, places of their production; he reveals the reasons that hindered trade, as well as factors that directly influenced the participation of Rusyns in trade operations. The article contains an analysis of the ethno-confessional features of the organization of trade in the territories inhabited by the Rusyn population - in Galicia, Bukovina, Hungary, Slovakia, etc., as well as the main activities of the Rusyns (agriculture, crafts, handicrafts, manufacturing and industrial production, etc.), directly related to both domestic and foreign trade. Particular attention is paid to the role of animal husbandry and timber processing as export-oriented industries in the Rusyn economy. The article contains extensive statistical material extracted mainly from sources of the XIX century, which characterizes both the development of some branches of the national economy of the European countries under consideration, and their foreign trade. The author uses such sources as published archival documents, as well as little-known pre-revolutionary publications in Russian, English, Polish, and German.