Intraocular inflammation after intravitreal injections. Part 1: "Who is guilty?"

Intravitreal administration of drugs is a widespread method of drug delivery, without which it is impossible to imagine modern ophthalmology. In the Russian Federation, this route of administration is registered for five drugs: ranibizumab, aflibercept, brolucizumab, dexamethasone (implant) and prourokinase. It is known that intravitreal administration of drugs is associated with a number of possible side effects, of which inflammatory adverse events, including sterile intraocular inflammation, brolucizumab-associated retinovasculitis, and post-injection infectious endophthalmitis, have attracted the greatest interest in recent years. The ubiquity of intravitreal injections, primarily associated with the development of anti-VEGF therapy, which in most cases involves frequent repeated procedures, increases the possibility that not only retinal specialists, but also outpatient doctors may face inflammatory complications. For successful treatment of intraocular inflammation, the ophthalmologist must be well versed in its clinical manifestations and existing therapeutic approaches. This review provides a brief description of the various forms of inflammatory adverse events associated with intravitreal drug administration and discusses some of the distinguishing features of these conditions.