Interrogative and exclamatory sentences in the odes of Ivan Dmitriev: structural-typological and rhetorical aspects

The article deals with the types of sentences that are important for the syntactic organization of poetic texts. The author selected thirteen odes to analyze the structural, lexical and grammatical features of their sentences, as well as their role in the formation of rhetorical figures. The quantitative predominance of exclamatory sentences is associated with the influence of sentimentalism, the actualization of the lyrical hero’s emotional feelings. A rhetorical exclamation has a number of features, including the presence of interjections, appeals, emotionally-colored vocabulary, as well as a relatively short length of sentences. The system of interrogative sentences incorporates rhetorical questions and hypophores - questions that assume the presence of an answer and play an important role in the plot and composi tion organization of a poetic text. The close connection between exclamatory and interrogative sentences is manifested in the lexical and typological similarity of constructions graphically accompanied by different end signs, in the use of exclamation marks inside interrogative sentences, and in question-and-answer complexes in which the answer is an emotionally-colored sentence. The comparative analysis of the structure and functioning of constructions in the texts of Ivan Dmitriev and in the odes of Mikhail Lomonosov suggests continuity in the use of rhetorical figures. The research methodology included the analytical review method, classification, comparative and contrastive method, and stylistic analyisis. The relevance of the research is due to the insufficient study of rhetorical figures in the poetic language of the XVIII and the early XIX centuries.