Issues of practical application of cryptography to ensure data security

In modern society, digital technologies have become embedded in everyday life, increasing the risk of data leakage. Cryptography is becoming a key means of ensuring the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of information. However, the application of cryptography faces challenges such as threats to data security systems and the constant development of hacking techniques. Lack of user awareness of the importance of security, use of weak passwords, the advent of quantum computers and inattention to data protection increase vulnerability. To solve the problems, a comprehensive approach has been proposed, including education, improving security standards, developing quantum-resistant methods, improving authentication technologies and actively updating encryption methods. Modern encryption methods are reviewed, including symmetric and asymmetric algorithms and examples of their use in everyday life, covering areas from banking transactions to instant messengers and email.