Perception of the past as a criterion for cultural diversity: the phenomenon of past-typology

The article is devoted to comprehending the possibilities of the past as a criterion of cultural diversity, that is, as a basis for identifying various sociocultural types. The author substantiates the idea that the specificity of the perception of the past within the framework of a particular culture can demonstrate not only its temporal orientation, but also value-normative, ideological, ethical attitudes, dominant behavioral models, etc. On the basis of various aspects of the existing image of the past, one can distinguish and different types of culture. Such grounds can be: the axiological status of the past (retro-oriented, actual-oriented, future-oriented and mixed types); emotional vector of assessing the past (positive, negative, balanced types); strategies for interacting with the past (types of constructive and destructive interaction), ideas about the dynamic structure of the past (types of linear and cyclical past-temporality); the nature of the integration of the past into culture (types of traditional and artificial continuity); source of the reference model of the past (types of religious, intellectual and artistic standards), etc.