Cultivation of agricultural crops in the Tyumen region

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of basic tillage in the cultivation of agricultural crops. In 2008-2020 a fi experiment was carried out in the cultivation of agricultural crops (annual grasses - peas with oats; spring wheat) according to the options for the main tillage in the crop rotation annual grasses for green mass (peas with oats (occupied fallow) - spring wheat - spring wheat) on the experimental fi of the Northern TransUrals, Uteshevo village of the Tyumen Region. The soil is represented by leached chernozem of heavy loamy granulometric composition. Variants of experience in the cultivation of annual grasses and spring wheat second after the occupied fallow: 1) moldboard cultivation (ploughing, 20-22 cm); 2) moldboard cultivation (ploughing, 12-14 cm); 3) moldboardless cultivation (hoeing, 20-22 cm); 4) moldboardless cultivation (hoeing,12-14 cm); 5) differentiated cultivation (20-22 cm); 6) differentiated cultivation (12-14 cm); 7) without main cultivation (zero cultivation) since 1975; 8) without basic cultivation (zero cultivation) since 2008. When cultivating spring wheat, the fi after an occupied fallow, the depth of cultivation is 28-30 and 14-16 cm, respectively. The experiment was repeated three times. A variety of spring wheat was cultivated - Novosibirskaya 31; oats - Otrada, peas - Yamal (annual herbs). Accounting for the yield of spring wheat was carried out according to the variants of the experiment in the phase of wax ripeness with the conversion to 100 % purity and 14 % grain moisture; annual grasses in the budding phase of peas were mowed and the green mass was weighed. Conversion into fodder units was made using the coeffi - 0.40 (annual grasses) and 1.18 (spring wheat); in grain units - 0.14 (annual grasses) and 1.00 (spring wheat). It was revealed that the cultivation of agricultural crops in the Tyumen Region is more effi at the depth of the main cultivation of 28-30/20-22 cm than when the soil is cultivated by 14-16/12-14 cm. Minimization and rejection of the main tillage leads to a decrease in the yield of cultivated agricultural crops in the crop rotation annual grasses - spring wheat - spring wheat, which is refl in the output of fodder and grain units as a single crop, and in the crop rotation as a whole. In the Tyumen Region, in the cultivation of agricultural crops, differentiated basic tillage shows an advantage over moldboard and nonmoldboard cultivation.