Age-related features of hormonal and functional status of professional athletes of female and male in the course of long-term sports activity

The article discusses the age-related features of the functional status of professional male and female athletes in the process of long-term sports activity. Male and female athletes of youth, first and second mature age were examined. 8 series of studies (4 each for men and women) were conducted to study the main adaptive mechanisms that determine the functional status of athletes using immunological, rheographic, biochemical, hematological, spirographic, veloergometric and statistical methods. As a result, models of the functional capabilities of professional athletes of different ages and genders were formed. Models for men of adolescent and first mature age emphasize the conjugacy of strengthening the studied adaptive mechanisms. The model for men of the second mature age determines the weakening of the response to high threshold effects in the ventilator and metabolic links of adaptation. At the same time, in this age group of athletes, representatives of power sports show excessive strengthening in the regulatory mechanisms - autonomic nervous and hormonal, which significantly reduces the functional capabilities of these athletes. Models for age group athletes emphasize the differences in time of occurrence of the most favorable periods and anovulatory ovarian-menstrual cycle to a higher level of functionality hemodynamic and ventilatory link adaptation. The established algorithms of age-related changes in the level of functional capabilities of highly qualified male and female athletes in conditions of different threshold modes of operation can be used in predicting the adaptive reserves of the body in the process of long-term sports activity.