Age features of the structure and topography of the mandible of the fetus according to the ultrasound scanning method

Violations in the process of development of the lower jaw lead to serious anomalies of the maxillofacial region. The aim of the study is to give an anatomical description of the lower jaw of the fetus second using the method of ultrasound scanning. The lower jaw was studied in 60 fetuses of the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis, divided into three groups: 14-18 weeks; 19-23 weeks; 24-27 weeks. At a period of 14-15 weeks, the mandibular symphysis is determined (its height is 3.8±0.6 mm and thickness is 2.3±0.4 mm). From the 16th week of intrauterine growth rate, it is not determinednormally. In the second and third groups, the head of the lower jaw is visible on ultrasound scans, the growth rate is 31%. The angle of the lower jaw tends to decrease with increasing age of the fetus. Its average value for groups is 141.1°±9.7; 135.8°±8.2; 127.2°±10.2 respectively. The line of the fetal profile in all cases is revealed as “zero”. The manifestation of “fetoabnormal alertness” during ultrasound screening of the fetus can be based on a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the anatomical structures of the lower jaw in fetuses in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis.