Congenital malformations in a fetus and a newborn according to the data of perinatal center of the Saratov region

The aim: to study the frequency of birth defects in Perinatal Center of the Saratov region from 2014 till 2015, the possibility of prognosing, early diagnosis and optimization of programs for the prevention and correction of congenital malformations, the evaluation of treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods. The study included newborn babies and fetuses with birth defects for the period 2014-2015 according to data received from Perinatal Center. The data on ultrasound examination of pregnant women and about 149 fetuses with malformations in case of early terminated pregnancies were analyzed. Results. In 2014 Perinatal Center of the Saratov region found 77 newborns with congenital malformations, in 2015-72; 24 children (16.1%) required early surgical intervention. The comprehensive assessment of the health status of women and their children, the assessment of placental blood flow and fetal development, the identification of chromosomal and genetic abnormalities were conducted. 5 children of 149 children with congenital malformations died at the stage of the maternity hospital where average mortality accounted for 3.3%. Congenital malformations of central nervous system and sense organs accounted for 13.4%, malformations of the face and neck — 5.4%, malformations of the cardiovascular system — 28.8%, malformations of the respiratory system — 2.7%, malformations of the gastrointestinal tract — 4%, malformations of the musculoskeletal system — 9.4%, malformations of the urinary system — 27.5%, genital malformations — 4%, defects of the skin and its appendages — 1.3%, other malformations — 2.7%. Multiple malformations accounted for 4.7%. During 2014-2015 due to congenital malformations 311 births (4.4%) were interrupted, the main cause was determined as chromosomal abnormalities. Training, diagnosis, management of pregnant women and their delivery is carried out in Perinatal Center of the Saratov region in accordance with the complex program and algorithm methods for the prevention and correction of congenital malformations. Conclusion: This study has shown that there is a growth of small anomalies and reduction of frequency of multiple malformations. Comprehensive preventative program is possible to reduce the number of infants with untreated birth defects (13,5%), increase the percentage of defects detected by ultrasound from 51.7 to 66.7%.