Highly productive varieties and fertilizers as a basis for sustainable growth of production of winter wheat grain under the conditions of Orel region

In 2008-2017, the influence of ecological conditions and fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat varieties was studied (Moskovskaya 39, Moskovskaya 56, Moskovskaya 40, Nemchinovskaya 24, Nemchinovskaya 57, Pamyati Fedina, Inna). In the changing weather conditions of the southeastern part of the Orel region, it was in 2011-2016 - 5-6 t/ha, with the content of raw gluten in the grain in 2010 - 30.4-30.8%. The varieties of winter wheat adapted to drought conditions (Novoershovskaya, Dar Zernograda, Donskoj mayak, Ermak, Avgusta) provided in 2008 a grain yield of 7.0-7.4 t/ha. The varieties Krastal, Dar Zernograda, Rostovchanka 5, Avgusta, Gubernator Dona, Donna in arid conditions of 2010 also showed higher grain yield (3.8-4.0 t/ha). On average for the years 2008-2017, it increased with the introduction of N60K60 by 20%, the annual and spare use of superphosphate and phosphate flour in accordance with N60K60 - 31-36% and 24-25%. The use of manure fertilizer and its combination with the annual and spare introduction of superphosphate and phosphate flour N60K60 had a stabilizing effect on the variability in the dynamics of the yield of winter wheat grain from weather conditions, the variation coefficients were - v=26-20%, in the control - v=38%. When manure was introduced, the yield of winter wheat grain increased by 52%, in manure from N60К60 by 54%, and in combination with superphosphate and phosphate flour in N60К60 by 73-69%. The content of raw gluten in the grain in 2008-2017 increased with the addition of N60K60 and in manure in combination with superphosphate and phosphate flour in N60К60 to 24.8-23.2%, protein to 12.3-14.1%. Substantial introduction of phosphorite flour to the rotation of crop rotation is justified in connection with obtaining equal - 0.66 and 0.65, 1.64 and 1.69 t/ha of yield increments of winter wheat grain with annual and spare introduction of it according to N60K60 and in combination with manure.