Life as a vital activity: the relationship between the quality of the population and the quality of its life (part 2)

In the second part of this article, the relationship between the quality of population and the quality of its life is considered in the aspect of life activity in the unity of the complex of needs, interests and values. On the basis of analyzing the shortcomings of the "economic" approach, according to which the need is generated by production, the definition of "needs", which is more consistent with modern approaches, is formulated as unresolved contradictions (or broken correspondences) between the human body and the surrounding reality. The phenomenon of interest, as the removal of dialectical contradiction between the inner world of man and the environment external to him, as well as a realized need is considered. The role of "motives" in the chain of "needs - interests - motives - stimuli" to action is defined. Motives in this interaction play the role of an internal inducement to activity, and stimulus (antistimulus) strengthen (weaken) this inducement. The problem of values, defined as the reason for the subject's actions, his position in relation to socially acceptable behavior, moral and socio-legal norms is analyzed. Values are considered as one of the sources of social development. The author's position is formulated, which consists in the fact that social policy, aimed mainly at meeting human needs, forms and preserves paternalistic and dependent expectations, while the policy that meets the interests of the individual, has as its goal the creation of conditions for his life activity, aimed at ensuring by his own efforts personal well-being and, thus, society as a whole. It is shown that practical ways and means of realization of human needs, interests and values from the point of view of public morality and laws model value orientations, which are the most important elements of the internal structure of personality, which people are guided by in their daily lives, and the goals they would like to achieve. The attitude of the state to the interests, values and needs of citizens in the USSR and the Russian Federation is analyzed. It is concluded that the deployment of human research from demographic processes to the analysis of interdependence and interaction of population, economy, social, spiritual spheres and politics allow us to identify the right ways to improve the quality of man and the quality of his life.