Взаимосвязь суицидального и агрессивного поведения у подростков и молодёжи (по данным зарубежной литературы)
Автор: Касимова Л.Н., Святогор М.В., Сычугов Е.М.
Журнал: Суицидология @suicidology
Статья в выпуске: 1 (50) т.14, 2023 года.
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Среди основных причин смерти молодых людей в возрасте 15-29 лет межличностное насилие является третей по частоте, а самоубийство - четвёртой причиной смерти. Цель: провести анализ данных зарубежных исследований по оценке связи и факторов риска агрессивного и суицидального поведения молодёжи для прогнозирования вероятности развития этих типов поведения. Материал. Зарубежные публикации последних лет. Поиск литературы проводился по базам данных Scopus, MEDLINE, Psych-INFO, PRISMA, eLIBRARY.RU. Период поиска составил 12 лет. Статья включалась, если в исследовании изучалась связь между агрессивным и суицидальным поведением, и сообщались эмпирические данные по выборке лиц в возрасте до 25 лет. В обзор было включено 126 публикаций. Результаты. Настоящий обзор подтверждает, что агрессивное и аутоагрессивное поведение широко распространены среди молодёжи. Многие эпидемиологические, клинические, ретроспективные, проспективные и семейные исследования выявили прочную связь между агрессией и суицидом. Показано, что агрессия может повышать риск суицидального поведения как у подростков с психическими расстройствами, так и у здоровых. Совместное наличие суицидальных мыслей и агрессии, направленной на себя (способность к самоповреждению), могут предсказывать риск совершения попытки суицида. Также агрессия, направленная на себя, является фактором риска завершённого самоубийства. Импульсивно-агрессивное поведение представляет собой механизм, посредством которого риск суицида повышается в первую очередь среди молодых самоубийц. Импульсивность и агрессия могут являться промежуточными фенотипами суицида преимущественно у лиц более молодого возраста. Гнев и враждебность оказывают прямое влияние на суицидальные мысли, планы и суицидальные попытки. При этом враждебность является более серьёзным фактором риска для молодёжи, чем для взрослых. Исследования, сосредоточенные на «двойном вреде» («dual-harm»), то есть комбинированном проявлении агрессии по отношению к другим и агрессии по отношению к себе, показывают, что молодые люди, причиняющие двойной вред, подвергаются большему суицидальному риску, чем те, кто наносит вред только себе, и те, кто наносит вред только другим. Заключение. Достижение лучшего понимания факторов, лежащих в основе риска суицидального и агрессивного поведения, имеет решающее значение для улучшения стратегий профилактики для борьбы с этим поведением. Приведённые в обзоре данные показывают, что в программы скрининга целесообразно включать агрессивное поведение, чтобы обеспечить более чувствительный подход к выявлению подростков, у которых возникают суицидальные мысли.
Агрессия, суицид, аутоагрессивное поведение, самоповреждающее поведение, импульсивность, враждебность, гнев
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/140300122
IDR: 140300122 | DOI: 10.32878/suiciderus.23-14-01(50)-65-83
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