Interrelations between parental attitude, upbringing and psychological well-being of a younger schoolchild in the family

Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the study of the psychological well-being among younger schoolchildren in a family. The relevance of the research is connected with the increasing attention of society to the ‘professionalization’ of parenthood, the discussion of the content of “conscious and competent” parenting, the desire to determine the main criteria of parental attitude and upbringing, allowing to create favorable conditions for the development of a child. The purpose of the article is to consider the interrelationships of various aspects of interaction between parents and children and the satisfaction of children in a family environment. Materials and methods. The methodology of the research consists of scientific concepts reflecting the patterns of mental development of children, presented in the works of L.S. Vygotsky, D.B. Elkonin, approaches in the field of psychological well-being of foreign (M. Argyle, E. Diener, R. Rayanai, E. Desi, K. Riff, etc.) and Russian authors (A.A. Kronik, A.V. Voronin, etc. Shevelenkova, P.P. Fesenko, E.B. Vesna, R.M. Shamionov), a systematic approach to the study of the family (M. Bowen, K. Madanes, S. Minukhin, D. Haley, A.Ya. Varga, E. G. Eidemiller, V. Justitskis). The study involved 60 primary school students and their parents (60 people). The following methods were selected for the study. Parents were offered the Parental Attitude Questionnaire by A.Ya. Varga and V.V. Stolina to study the leading type of parent-child relationship, the Measure of Care method by I.M. Markovskaya to determine the leading educational position of parents, the method Diagnostics of the Content of Communication Between Children and Close Adults by T.Y.Andryushchenko and G.M. Shashlova. The children were offered the Kinetic Drawing of the Family by R. Burns and S. Kaufman, which gives information about the subjective family situation of a child, the scale of life satisfaction by E. Diner in the adaptation of E.N. Osin and D.A. Leontiev. Statistical data processing included the analysis of averages, correlation analysis by Spearman’s method. The calculation of statistical indicators was carried out using the computer statistical program SPSS Statistics 22.0. Research results. The type of parental relationship and the nature of parent-child communication can be considered as key indicators that determine the psychological well-being of younger schoolchildren in a family. The satisfaction of younger schoolchildren with life is associated with communication between a parent and a child on the topics of cognition and the inner world of the child, everyday life, spending leisure time together and doing household chores with children. Such a nature of communication helps to reduce anxiety, conflict and perception of the family situation as favorable. The least favorable types of parental relationship can be considered infantilization, symbiosis and rejection of a child. The child’s experience of psychological distress is facilitated by a violation of the psychological distance on the part of a parent. Both non-acceptance and ‘over’ acceptance of a child interfere with the subjective experience of psychological well-being. Conclusion. Since the family is one of the most significant social institutions in the life of a child, setting the social situation of his/her development, it is important that the family system develops such relationships, communication and interaction that will ensure the psychological well-being of all family members. That is why, with the help of psychological and pedagogical work based on the results of the study, it is possible to change the position of a parent, to develop competent parenting.