A look through the prism of intercultural consciousness at Dostoevsky’s "Crime and punishment": literary techniques and the study of human nature

This article examines in detail F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment", analyzing literary techniques and deep reflections on human nature in the context of Russian society of the XIX century. The novel uses the technique of "polyphony" to display the inner monologues and dialogues of the characters, reflecting the ideological contradictions of that time. The accuracy of the psychological portrait of the characters, especially the complex character of the main character Raskolnikov and his theory of "superman", as well as the images of faith and the salvation of Sofia, give the work a rich ideological content and artistry. The article also discusses the author's religious and philosophical views, pointing to the close connection of religious ideas with political conscience in his works, as well as the emphasis placed on spiritual practice. Through the internal struggles and dialogues of the characters, conflicts between religious beliefs, moral ethics and personal freedom are considered. Dostoevsky considered suffering as a process of spiritual growth and redemption, through which spiritual rebirth is possible. In general, the article considers that "Crime and Punishment" not only has a profound literary influence, but also provides rich material for reflection in the field of philosophy and religious studies, demonstrating the author's in-depth study of human nature. The authors hope for a deeper understanding of the world of Dostoevsky's literature in the future.