Mechanisms of diabetes mellitus development: neurological and lymphological approach

The study aims to examine the main characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism neurohumoral regulation at various stages of diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods. A model of diabetes mellitus was created by administering 0.1 % solution of adrenaline hydrochloride into animals. Biochemical indices of carbohydrate metabolism (cortisol, C-peptide and glucose) were studied in 82 healthy people, 27 patients with ischemic cerebral infarction in the peracute and acute periods, 89 children with diabetes mellitus (type 1), undergoing life-long insulin therapy. Results. Under stress, an increase in cortisol and C-peptide is observed together with a decrease in glucose blood concentration. With distress, the secretion of cortisol decreases, and the production of the C-peptide and glucose blood concentration increases. Conclusion. The cause of diabetes mellitus is a failure of self-regulating mechanisms of carbohydrate metabolism. It is caused by the deregulation of the autonomic nervous system, manifested by the antagonism between adrenaline and cortisol, insulin and cortisol. Insulinization reduces insulin secretion and increases cortisol concentration, which depends on the daily dose of insulin. In healthy people the lower the glucose concentration is, the lower is the blood level of C-peptide.