Land reform and the formation of peasant (farm) farms in the Amur region in the 1990s - 2014

In this article, the solution of the land issue is considered through the prism of the relationship between federal and regional authorities and employees of the agro-industrial complex. Using the example of a single region, the Amur region, the relationship between the reform of land relations and the formation of peasant (farm) farms is shown. One of the specific features of the agrarian policy of the 1990s was integration into the conditions of adaptation of the rural population of the Amur region to market forms of industrial relations. The author's concept considers land relations in the system of the whole agrarian reform, taking into account other transformations in agricultural production. The novelty. On the basis of archival documents, an assessment of farms and the effectiveness of land relations reform is given. The involvement of new sources made it possible to establish the general and specific difficulties that the first farmers of the Amur region had to face. Among them, the author refers to the unregulated mechanism of allotment of land plots, the wary attitude of society towards farmers as a separate business entity, the problem of marketing products, insufficient material and technical support. The aim of the article: to establish the impact of reform policy on the emergence of farms in the Amur Oblast. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to identify the range of opinions of the administrative apparatus and employees of the agro-industrial complex on the land reform; to answer the question: to what extent, and in what forms, the measures taken by the state authorities were implemented in the Amur Oblast, where agriculture in the late Soviet period was developed. The analysis of this problem on the example of a particular region allows us to identify individual components of the transformation process, to give a more accurate interpretation of the events that took place in the Russian village in the early 1990s. Research methods. For a more complete disclosure of this issue, the article used the comparative method, institutional, as well as elements of statistical and socio-anthropological analysis. The results of the study. It has been established that one of the factors hindering the development of individual farms and other forms of management during the reform period was the aggravated problem of relations between land users. The genesis of land relations in 1990-2000 showed the need to revise the fundamental instrument of land relations - land shares. And the managerial elite of the Amur region belonged to the small number of politicians who paid attention to this problem. But the main contradiction of the transformations in the agricultural sector in the 1990s. It was the fact that collective farmers and state farm workers did not become land owners, and contrary to the forecasts of reformers, the legislative registration of land took on a protracted character. In the Amur region, peasant (farm) farms, as in other regions of the Far East, did not become the main producers of agricultural products.