Fatty acid composition of black-mottled breed cows milk of the Ural region

The purpose of research is to study the content of fatty acids, trans-isomers of unsaturated fatty acids in cow's milk. Tasks: to establish the concentration of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (%, g/100) in cows' milk, to determine the quantitative content of trans-fatty acids in the composition of milk fat (%, g/100), to identify the daily dynamics of the fatty acid composition of milk. The studies were carried out in JSC Kamenskoye of the Sverdlovsk Region on breeding cows from the first to the third lactation. The studied indicators: the amount of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, fatty acids and their trans-isomers in daily dynamics and by the size of the carbon chain. The received data was processed biometrically. A change in the fatty acid composition of cows' milk during the day was established. The content of fatty acids and their trans-isomers in the milk of cows in the evening was significantly higher than in the morning. The proportion of saturated fatty acids was 2.3 times higher than the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids, while the proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their trans-isomers were low. The total fat fraction of milk was dominated by medium-chain fatty acids in all periods of the day. For all groups of fatty acids, the greatest variability was noted in milk obtained during morning milking: the variation coefficient fluctuated from 55.2 % for medium-chain fatty acids to 84.9 % for short-chain fatty acids. Among saturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acids predominate. In the context of the day, the main amount of fatty acids and their transisomers enters the milk of cows in the evening, which must be taken into account when processing milk into dairy products.