The ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Mukhinsky swamps (Western Transbaikalia)

The list of species ground beetles of Mukhinsky swamps is for the first time brought (33 species of ground beetles, 11 genere). The fauna of ground beetles of Mukhinsky swamps is typical for marsh ecosystems of intermountain hollows of Cisbaikalia and Transbaikalia regions. Researches have shown that drainage of Mukhinsky swamps has led to increase the meadow-steppe and the salted of territories and the related changes in structure of complexes of invertebrates. In taxonomical structure of dominant there are no representatives of the species of genera Agonum and Elaphrus which are always present at swamps of Cisbaikalia and Transbaikalia regions. In ecological structure of communities of ground beetles of Mukhinsky swamps the types preferring to live on mead-ow-steppe, steppe and the salty territories prevail, uncharacteristic views from the genera Curtonotus, Harpalus, Corsyra are noted that demonstrates bigger development of meadow-steppe ecosystems. Various mode of moistening of northern and southern coast influence the list of species ground beetles and structure of domination of communities. Meadow-marsh and marsh types dominate only in a narrow strip of the humidified northern coast of Mukhinsky swamps (Chlaenius tristis reticulatus, Pterostichus planipennis, Carabus maeander, Agonum impressum, Poecilus versicolor, Chlaenius stschukini). On the southern coast with smaller moistening meadow ecosystems in which meadow-steppe, meadow and meadow-marsh types prevail are widespread (Carabus granulatus duarius, Pterostichus planipennis, Poecilus versicolor). The analysis of life forms has revealed prevalence of the ground beetles living in a laying and the soil (Poe-cilus, Pterostichus, Agonum), and also the ground beetles connected with plants, most often with cereals (Curtonotus, Harpalus) that demonstrates existence of the developed laying on the soil in ecosystems with grassy vegetation. Adaptations to dwelling of ground beetles on Mukhinsky swamps are revealed: the majority of ground beetles has a shift of activity of an imago on the middle of summer that is connected with regional climatic features. It is obvious that by this time the soil gets warm enough and permafrost thaws, the first rainfall comes and ground waters which reduce concentration of salts by the surfaces of the soil rise. Therefore at large species of ground beetles, less vulnerable, life cycle one-year with the wintering young bugs (C. granulatus duarius, C. maeander), at small ground beetles, the most part of life cycle passes in a larval stage - one-year with the wintering larvae (Pt. planipennis) and biennial with the wintering bugs and larvae (Ch. tristis).