A Design of MIMO System Based on Y-Shaped with QSCS for UWB Applications

Published Online February 2020 in MECS DOI: 10.5815/ijitcs.2020.01.03

Recently, wireless communication system studied the Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) extensively, due to its high rate of data transmission, low-cost and low transmitted power. However, UWB has the multipath fading problem which require high complexity at receiver end. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology has been proposed to address this problem. In addition, MIMO system has an efficient property can be employed to improve UWB system which is achieving an efficient spectrum and mitigating multipath problem [1]. The combination of these two technologies have been improve an enhancement of communications with short ranges to operate at very low power levels [1]. However, the main challenges for the MIMO antenna engineering design is to achieve low profile antenna and the ability to eliminate the mutual coupling between neighboring ports of MIMO group [2]. There is a polarization diversity to evolve the antenna capacity with compact design [3]. Also, the polarization is favored the patch microstrip antenna design to improve MIMO profile in term of small size, light weight, easy to fabricate and high efficiency [4]. However, the microstrip antenna suffer from narrow frequency bandwidth which can be improved by mainly techniques; theory of the circuit and structural [5]. A lot of researches deal with modifying the microstrip structure such as in [6], design a dual port of Y-shaped microstrip antenna to achieve a wide matching impedance of bandwidth. Also, [3] used a fractal microstrip antenna to achieve low operating frequency point. On the other hand, [7-8] proposed Y and F- shaped of microstrip antenna respectively to increase bandwidth frequency with a suitable efficiency. Because of limited space systems, UWB go to miniaturization technique antennas [9,10]. In order to mitigate the mutual coupling between adjacent ports, Quasi-Self-Complementary Structure (QSCS) antenna has been potential enormously applied. QSCS means etching the ground layer with complemented shape to the patch layer [11]. The benefits of such structure are investigating a widen bandwidth such as in [12], degrade the efficient of radiation, the input impedance is constant with a variable frequency issue, easily impedance matching for the wide band and can achieve high isolation between polarized ports without any parasitic structure [11,13]. In [11,15] structures based on QSCS which obtained high isolation of MIMO diversity system antenna for UWB application, But the first one proposed a patch design of half fan shaped with polarized diversity and the other one having a patch based half circle with spatial diversity. Because of the size reduction is still one of the main challenges for future applications, in this research, a proposed of a MIMO antenna system concerned with polarization diversity, conversely [6] which applied spatial diversity. Also, the proposal having a patch microstrips ended in Y-shaped as a radiator. To achieve isolation, QSCS is applied achieving high isolation with UWB that would be matching the required facilities of future wireless communication especially in term of size reduction by utilizing dual polarization technique.

• II.    The Proposal of Mimo Antenna System

  In order to propose a polarized MIMO antenna system, it must firstly propose a single antenna paradigm and ensure it operate perfectly. Fig. 1 shows the single antenna element which consists of three layers. The first one is the patch layer constructed from dual polarized microstrip resistances each of 50 Ω, Y-shaped connected by SMA as a connector which installed over a ground layer etched with QSCS. Patch and ground layers are separated by dielectric layer of 1.6 mm height made of Rogers RO3003(lossy) with permittivity 3 and thermal conductivity 0.001. The dimensions of such antenna detailed in Table1.

(c)

Fig.1. Single antenna element: (a) Front View, (b) Back View, and (c) Side View.

Table 1. Single antenna element dimension values.

No.	Parameter	Value (mm)	No.	Parameter	Value (mm)
1	W S	30	7	L 2	4
2	W 1	3	8	L 3	3
3	W 2	5	9	G 1	11
4	W 3	7	10	G 2	4.88
5	W 4	8.66	11	G 3	8.66
6	L 1	6	12	H S	1.6

Four replicas of such single antenna which proposed are integrated on a printed circuit board (PCB) which consists of dielectric layer as that of single element with a dimension of 79×150 mm ² which is desirable size for future application and consider the most contribution of this paper as shown in Fig.2. The distances separated between each four elements are represented the extended ground layer for each one.

(a)

(b)

Fig.2. MIMO antenna system: (a) Front View and (b) Back View.

• III.    Results and Discussions

  The proposed single antenna and the MIMO group are simulated using CST-STUDIO 2019 to show its performance. After running the simulated design of single element, Fig. 3 (a) exhibits the S-Parameter of the single element. The resultant of the operating frequency

was 8.73 GHz with -53 dB of return losses and bandwidth of 2.06 GHz (8.13-10.19) GHz at -10dB. Also, high isolation can be achieved over all the band (3.1-10.5) GHz. According to [4] which indicated that, the antenna performance must be not exceed 2 dB. As illustrated from Fig. 3 (b), the VSWR of the proposed antenna approach 1 dB at resonance frequency which is satisfy VSWR condition.

Fig.3. Results of single antenna: (a) S-Parameter and (b) VSWR.

On the term of radiation pattern, Fig. 4 exhibit the 2D polar pattern for each port it obviously shown similar with lobe has angular width of 73.5 deg. While the 3D pattern with both ports simultaneously obtain a coverage area having H-max of -29 dB and gain of 4.66 dBi.

(a)

Farfeld H-Feld(r=lm) Abs (Phl=O)

(b)

(c)

Fig.4. Radiation Pattern of Single Antenna Element: (a), (B) 2D OF Port1 and 2 respectively, and (c) 3D for both ports.

Accordingly, the performance of integrated MIMO system with 8 ports show that all elements operate on a same resonance frequency of 8.73 GHz with bandwidth of 2.06 GHz which is match the single antenna resonance frequency and bandwidth respectively. As illustrated in Fig. 5 (a), the result show that there are a slightly difference between the response curve of each opposite ports. Such differences stimulate from current surface of the PCB and can be achieved a return loss of one group -20dB and -33 dB of other. Also, Fig.5 (b) shows the mutual coupling under -20 dB for all ports when excited simultaneously, while Fig.5 (c) exhibits a desired VSWR which investigate the condition of it.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig.5. MIMO Antenna System: (a) S-Parameter, (B) Mutua Coupling, and (c) VSWR

Furthermore, Fig.6 illustrated the radiation pattern for all ports which appears omnidirectional in 2D polar pattern with lobe having angular width of 173 degree, while the 3D patterns shows the full coverage of the system device with H-max -19.9 dB and a gain of 7.82dBi.

From previous results, it is obliviously the proposed model is obtained an acceptable bandwidth and gain which match the UWB frequency ranges as well as a perfect isolation obtained which avoiding the effects of current surface. Note, because of the large data, the data acquisition of all result’s figures can’t be listed. Also, such results are exported from CST-STUDIO 2019 then it can be plotted with EXCELL or MATLAB package.

(a)

(b)

Fig.6. Radiation Pattern of MIMO Antenna System: (a)2D, and (b) 3D.

• IV.    Conclusion

In order to design MIMO antenna system match UWB system conditions, this research present four antenna elements each with dual polarized ports. Such elements installed on a corners of one PCB incorporating together aiming to propose a MIMO system concerned with polarization as well as spatial diversity and minimize system size as can as possible. Also, the proposal deals with rectangular patch microstrip feeding lines ended with Y-shaped to increase the operating bandwidth. Furthermore, QSCS is used to mitigate the mutual coupling and contribute the bandwidth enhancement.

Refrences

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Authors’ Profiles

MSc. Degree

Nada M. Khalil al-Ani was born in Iraq on Aug. 26, 1985. She received her B.Sc.    in    Computer    Engineering

Techniques (CET), Middle Technical University, Baghdad Iraq, in 2007. She worked as an employment in the Baghdad Governorate Office since 2008. She is currently pursuing to get in CET. Her reasearch include, Multi

Element Dual-Polarized MIMO

5G Smartphone Applications.

Slot Antenna System for

Oras A. Al-Ani received the B.Sc and M.Sc    degrees    in    Laser    and

Optoelectronic Engineering from Al-Nahreen University, Iraq, in 2000 and

2002, respectively, and PhD in Nanomaterial-based solar cell from Newcastle University, UK.   Sheis officially  represented  Newcastle University students at the NUS National Conference (19-21  April  2016in

Al-Ani is a member of IEEE, IET and Al-Kindi Society for Engineers; and awarded several awards for the best paper  and  presentation. Oras served as the Event

Coordinator for the Annual Research Conference at Newcastle University and she acted as the School Representative of research student’s in Newcastle University

Mahmood F. Mosleh received a Diploma degree from the institute of Technology/ Baghdad in 1978 in the field of electronic Technique; he worked in the same institute up to 1992 as a Technical Trainer. He the B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from

University of Technology in 1996, 1999 and 2008 respectively. Through those periods and up to now, he worked as advanced Trainer, Assistance Lecturer, Lecturer, Assistance Professor and Professor in the

Electrical Engineering Technical College/ Baghdad. He published about 40 papers in various Journals in the field of Communications Engineering. He has a patent in designing a palm climber robot. He supervised 11 M. Sc. And 2 Ph.D. students. Currently he is the Chairman of the Iraqi international Electro-technical Committee.

Raed Abd-Alhameed (M’02,  SM’13)

received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq, in 1982 and 1985, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from the University  of

Bradford, West Yorkshire, U.K.,  in

1997, all in electrical engineering. He is Professor of Electromagnetic and

Radio Frequency Engineering at the University of Bradford, UK. He has long years’ research experience in the areas of Radio Frequency, Signal Processing, propagations,       antennas       and      electromagnetic computational techniques, and has published over 500 academic journal and conference papers; in addition, he is co-authors of three books and several book chapters. At the present he is the leader of Radio Frequency, Propagation,  sensor  design and Signal  Processing; in addition to  leading the Communications research group for years  within the School of  Engineering and

Informatics,  Bradford University,  UK.  He is Principal

Investigator for several funded applications to EPSRCs and leader  of several successful knowledge Transfer

Programmes  such as with Arris 0278-0046  (c)  2016

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