Adaptive potential of collection samples of bean

Adaptation of a genotype to various temperature-water regimes of the environment is one of the main directions of adaptive mechanisms. Thus, we set the goal to determine the adaptive potential of collection samples of bean grown in 4 ecological zones of Ukraine differing from each other by the temperature/water ratio during the growing season of the crop. These are Odesa (Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute of NAAS), Kharkiv (Plant Production Institute named after VYa Yuriev of NAAS), Poltava region (Ustymivska Experimental Station of Plant Production), Chernovtsy (Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station). Twenty four common bean samples from the collection of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine were the study object. To analyze the adaptive potential of bean samples, mathematical indices were used: stability factor, ultrastability, breeding value, genotypic effect and average yields of samples by test locations. Each of the mathematical indices was ranked according to the practical value of a given trait in ascending order (ranks 1-24). It was found that the meteorological conditions of an environment during the formation of generative organs (branching-flowering) significantly influenced the yields of bean samples. The average yield of samples at the testing ecological location positively correlated with the HTC during these phases of bean plant development (correlation coefficient 0.95): HTC = 0.46, yield = 72 g/m2 (Odesa); HTC = 0.89, yield = 181 g/m2 (Kharkоv); HTC = 1.06, yield = 279 g/m2 (Poltava region); HTC = 1.96, yield = 371 g/m2 (Chernоvtsy). Genotypes with high adaptive potentials were identified by practical value rank sum for specific traits (the rank sum = 5-41). These are breeding varieties Dniprovska Bomba, Nadiia and Otrada from Ukraine; Holberg from the USA; and Hungarian local form UD0300104.