Агионим Айше-Фатима в традициях тюркских народов

The article presents one of the famous characters of the Muslim world in Turkic mythology - the character of Ауshe-Fatima. However, despite the general Muslim origin of the character, the Tatars venerate her as their local saint, considered to be the patroness of sick women. The article explores the Ayshe-Fatima agionym in Tatar traditions and identifies the parallels of its use in other Turkic languages. Through the study of folklore and ethnographic materials the following local variants of the Ayshe-Fatima agionym were identified: Gaishә-Fatima kuly (literally ‘the hand of Gaishe-Fatima’), Gaishә-Fatima ime (litearlly ‘the remedy of Gaishe-Fatima’), Gaishә-Fatima tele or the spell of Gaishe-Fatima (literally ‘the language of Gaishe-Fatima’), Ayshә-Batman sulishy (literally “the sigh of Gaishe-Fatima’). These characters and their local variants were brought to Tatar culture together with Islam. Ayshe is the name of the wife of the Prophet Muhammad, and Fatima is the name of his daughter. The ethnolinguistic reconstruction of the linguistic facts was based on the study of the texts of traditional spells. The analysis of the texts revealed the most important symbol - the hand of Ayshe-Fatima, attributed with magic healing powers. The article identifies and analyzes local and temporal characteristics of Ayshe-Fatima agionym. Two lines of its existence were established: on the one hand, Ayshe-Fatima agionym lives in the language as a precedent name; on the other hand, in the studied texts the agionym is most closely comparable to the local variants of the Tatars’ culture within their own ethnocultural space. The research also revealed the parallels with Ayshe-Fatima agionym in other Turkic languages.