Blockchain implementation algorithm in separate business segments of New Kabul Bank of Afghanistan

The relevance of the study is determined by the need for digital transformation of systemically important financial institutions in a complex economic and regulatory environment. The objective of the study is to develop a structured algorithm for implementing blockchain technologies in the activities of New Kabul Bank to improve its operational efficiency and competitiveness. Objectives include: analyzing the bank's business segments and identifying the highest priority ones for blockchain implementation; assessing regulatory and political risks; selecting suitable blockchain platforms; designing pilot project parameters; and developing a strategic partnership model. The study utilized methods of comparative analysis, expert assessment of business processes, and design and scenario planning for implementation stages. The study is based on an analysis of international experience and the specifics of the national context. As a result, four areas with the most promising potential for implementation were identified: international money transfers, letters of credit, bank guarantees, and a clearing center. Specific blockchain platforms were proposed for each area, pilot project parameters were detailed, and a multi-level partnership model was developed. The developed algorithm provides the bank with a comprehensive and adaptive path to digital transformation.