Analysis of genetic structure and productivity of herds of the Holstein cattle of Russian selection

The study of genetic structure of the Holstein breed cattle of Russian selection with the assessment of genetic profile and productivity of individuals to improve its competitiveness with the subsequent development of methods for its improvement in modern realities, is a very relevant task in the industry and contributes to the implementation of the tasks outlined in the Federal Scientific and Technical Program of Agricultural Development for the period 2017- 2030. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that for the first time in the Russian Federation, we give the results of scientific research of microsatellite loci-markers of DNA genome of animals in the consolidated population of the Holstein breed cattle of Russian selection, bred in 18 breeding farms of five regions of the RF, formed on the basis of offspring from crossing Holsteinized cattle of the Russian Black Pied and the Holmogorsk breed with bulls-producers of the Holstein breed of different selection, with the purpose of further development of methods for improving the genome of animals. The practical significance (applicability) of the research results is that the formed genetic structure of the consolidated array of the Holstein breed cattle of Russian selection with the studied genetic profile on allelofond and evaluation of productivity of individuals will give the opportunity to carry out targeted selection and breeding work by purebred breeding with the use of own bulls-producers of new genetic complexes. Analysis of 12 microsatellite loci of a consolidated array of the Holstein cows of Russian selection revealed 131 alleles. The frequency of alleles in the studied array of animals varied from 0.001 to 0.676. Eleven alleles were found with the highest frequency (0.538 to 0.587): 262 and 264 (locus BM 1818), 188 (locus BM 1824), 135 (locus BM 2113), 117 (locus ETH 3), 219 (locus ETH10), 148 (locus ETH 225), 210 (locus INRA 023), 248 (locus SPS 115), 117 (locus TGLA 126). The animals have a distinguishable genetic profile, and the population is formed of sufficiently homogeneous individuals that stably transmit their traits. Monitoring allowed determining the genetic profile of the population by allelofond and evaluating the productive qualities of individuals in herds, which will provide an opportunity to carry out inbreeding breeding work using own bulls-producers of new genetic complexes.