Analysis of Prevalence, Structure, Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction. Chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent significant medical and societal challenges, owing to their high prevalence, associated disability and mortality rates, and the substantial economic costs of treatment. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence, profile, and management of chronic kidney disease among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the aim of optimising therapeutic strategies for affected individuals. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted of the prevalence, structure, and treatment of chronic kidney disease, alongside the status of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, based on the diabetes registry database of Polyclinic No. 1 in the city of Saransk for the year 2024. Results. It has been established that the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is 19.07%. The majority of patients were diagnosed with stage 3 chronic kidney disease. Monotherapy with glucose-lowering agents was administered to 39.5% of patients, insulin therapy to 41.6%, and combined glucose-lowering therapy to 18.9%. Antihypertensive therapy was received by 63% of patients, with β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers being predominantly prescribed. Correction of lipid metabolism disorders with statins was performed in only one-third of the patients. Discussion and conclusion. It was established that nearly half of the patients were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease at stage C3a (44.5%). A larger proportion consists of patients receiving glucose-lowering drugs with a high risk of inducing hypoglycemia, whereas a smaller proportion comprises those administered medications with a proven nephroprotective effect combined with cardiovascular safety. From the acquired data, it is necessary to conclude that a correction of the glucose-lowering therapy is required, prioritising the use of effective and safe hypoglycemic agents.