Analysis of the Current State of the Theory and Practice of Teaching Schoolchildren in the Field of Fire Safety

The purpose of the study is to identify systemic problems of teaching schoolchildren in the field of fi re safety and to develop an educational minimum as a basis for modernizing educational programs. The research methods include a comparative analysis of the federal work programs on the subject “Fundamentals of Homeland Security and Protection” for grades 8–9 and 10–11, regulatory documents and statistical data from the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Management. As a result of the study, it was found that the existing system of school education is characterized by fragmented content, lack of study time, lack of a practice-oriented approach and psychological preparation for emergency situations. The discrepancy between the declared requirements for the competencies of graduates and the actual level of their training has been revealed. Based on the analysis, the structure of the educational minimum of fire safety is proposed, including cognitive, operational and behavioral components. It is concluded that there is a need for a fundamental revision of the content and methodology of teaching, taking into account the principles of continuity, age adequacy and practical orientation. The implementation of the proposed measures will improve the effectiveness of the formation of a safety culture for students.