Analysis of the influence of agricultural technologyand climate on introduced grape varieties in the Don ampelographic collection

The purpose of research is to assess the influence of agrotechnical and agroclimatic factors on grape culture in a long-term retrospective. The material for the study was observations of 3 grape varieties - Cabernet Sauvignon, Rhenish Riesling, Rkatsiteli - from 1941 to 2022 at the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Rostov Region, Novocherkassk). 17 indicators were studied - phenology, yield and its components, crop conditions, tasting assessments of dry wine samples. During research, the collection was repeatedly replanted, until 1985 it was rooted, the bush planting pattern was 2 × 1.5 m, since 1986 it was grafted (on Kober 5BB rootstock), the bush planting pattern was 3 × 1.5 m. Cultivation culture varieties covered, non-irrigated. The studied grape varieties were characterized by significant changes in economically valuable traits over 80 years of observation. Dynamics of traits of three varieties in 1941-2022 was synchronous, despite the difference in average indicators. The impact of climate change was manifested in a shift in phenophases to earlier periods, a reduction in the duration of the production period, an increase in yield in recent decades, an increase in sugar content and a decrease in the titratable acidity of berry juice. Shoot productivity and average bunch weight increased sharply in the mid-1980s, most likely due to the transition to grafted crops. The change in planting scheme and the transition from an own-rooted crop to a grafted one in 1986 had the most significant effect on the sugar content of berry juice, causing an average reduction in sugar content of 1.5 g/100 cm3 for the three varieties. The duration of the production period and the yield per bush did not depend on the rootstock and planting scheme of the grape bushes. Titratable acidity showed a trend towards higher values in wet years in the grafted crop.