Analysis of the rare woody plants used in greenery for phytogeographic region, life form and IUCN categories
Автор: Novruzov Vagif, Iskender Elman, Mammadov Tofig, Abbasov Rauf, Rustamova Fahrida, Bagirova Shafag
Журнал: Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Рубрика: Биологические науки
Статья в выпуске: 4 т.6, 2020 года.
Бесплатный доступ
According to hazard categories (IUCN), 46 species from 35 genera were identified belonging to 24 families of rare tree and shrub plants common in the natural flora of Azerbaijan used for landscaping Absheron. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the NT category (almost endangered) includes 12 species, and the CR category (endangered) includes 8 species. The plant species studied in the article were also analyzed by phytogeographic region and life forms. The results of the study showed that in addition to landscaping, other measures for the protection of the studied plants are necessary.
Rare, tree-shrub, hazard categories, endemic, relict
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14116230
IDR: 14116230 | DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/53/07
Текст научной статьи Analysis of the rare woody plants used in greenery for phytogeographic region, life form and IUCN categories
Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice
Azerbaijan has unique vegetation according to geographical location, relief, soil and climate conditions. There are about 5,000 plants in the flora of Azerbaijan. It defined, that dozens of these species are in danger. According to the research, the number of wooden plants currently in need of protection in the natural flora of Azerbaijan is close to 189 species [1–3]. According to the literature information, there are 467 existed species of trees and shrubs in the flora of Azerbaijan [4–6]. It turns out that woody plants that need protection are 38% of the total number of trees and shrubs in our flora. The need of such protection means these plants are facing in a high risk.
The preservation of the ecological balance, the protection and use of natural resources are among the most important problems facing people. To solve these problems, the environment should be protected and the natural resources should be used efficiently and the plants that need protection should be widely used in greenery [5].
As we know, the increasing number of population in the world and the increasing impact of this growth on the environment are increasing. From this point of view, it is important to implement a number of measures to protect the wildlife, including the flora. To solve this problem many laws and decisions have been made in the countries of the world, including Azerbaijan. It is known that one of the ways of protecting rare plants is to use those plants in the greenhouses.
The first edition of the “Red Book” of Azerbaijan was published in 1989, then in 2013 the second edition of the book was published. In the first edition 140, in the second edition 300 rare plants and mushrooms were found in the Red Book. In 2013, 50 rare plant species were included to the book and danger categories were identified [6–7].
Some researchers show in their works that up to 10 plant species have been destroyed in natural conditions of Azerbaijan or have fewer individuals in their territory. These rare tree plants, which are in critical conditions, are Laurocerocus officinalis M. Roem., Padus avium Mill, Calligonum bakuense Litv. and so on. The authors show that there are 416 rare plant species in Azerbaijani flora [4].
Many researchers have done researches to preserve rare plants in their own country and have given their recommendations [6–7].
It is important to state and justify the need for protection of any plant species in different countries, including Azerbaijan. While preparing a list of rare and endangered plants, it is important to be aware of these taxa by the people who work in nature, preserve and greenery [8–9].
Materials and Methods
This research consists of rare and endangered trees and shrubs spread throughout Azerbaijan flora. The main purpose of this research is to define the locations of plants in various phytogeographic regions according to danger categories. By preparing the research works were used methodic [1, 3, 8, 10].
Results and Discussions
It is known that the types of plant species known in the world flora, especially those found in a narrow range of territories, they are within the scope of the internationally accepted danger categories and then to there are taken direct measures to more endangered plants.
As we know, one of the three species of trees and shrubs that are in our republic needs discussion. From this point of view research study has been done in this direction.
In the research, 46 species belong to 24 families, 35 genera were evaluated according to the IUCN 3.1 version of danger category. These species are rare and endangered species in Azerbaijani flora and it is widely used for the greenery of cities and settlements located on the Absheron peninsula (Table 2).
The endemic, relicts and rare of the plants studied by our research team are split into different categories according to the criteria of the IUCN Red List — Categories and Criteria (version 3.1) (Table 1).
Table 1.
THE ENDEMIC, RELIC AND RARE PLANTS AND THEIR DANGER CATEGORIES WITHIN THE SPECIES
|
Categories |
Endemic |
Relict |
Rare |
|
EX |
— |
— |
— |
|
EW |
— |
— |
1 |
|
CR |
— |
4 |
4 |
|
EN |
— |
6 |
1 |
|
VU |
— |
1 |
5 |
|
NT |
2 |
3 |
7 |
|
LC |
— |
— |
5 |
|
DD |
— |
— |
6 |
|
NE |
— |
1 |
— |
EX — extincted, EW — extinct in the wild, CR — critically endangered, EN — endangered, VU — vulnerable, NT — near threatened, LC — least concern, DD — data deficient, NE — not evaluated.
The analysis revealed that there were 12 species of NT (near threatened) category and 8 species of CR (critically endangered). Here it is possible to conclude that the current condition of rare trees and shrubs in the flora of our country is not satisfactory. This is about 30-40% of trees and shrubs that need protection in the Azerbaijani flora. If the number of rare plants increases in this direction, the majority of these plants will face the threat of gene pool in the near future.
When analyzing the distribution of trees and shrubs in danger categories according to the category of version 3.1 of the IUCN, it was revealed that the EW category was included in the taxon ( Laurocerasus officinalis M. Roem . ). Currently, these plant species are in a cultivated condition.
As mentioned above, plant species included in the CR (critically endangered) and NT (near threatened) categories constitute 43% of the investigated taxa. Other categories include 5 species of EN (endangered) of 7 species of LC (least concern) 5 species of VU (vulnerable). There were 2 species of DD (data deficient) and 2 taxa NE (not evaluated).
The results of the analyzes show that 29 of the studied plants are rare, 16 are relics and 2 are endemic.
When considering the distribution of the studied plants in the phytogeographic region, it was revealed that 22 species of Mediterranean, 19 species of Iran-Turan, and 5 species are elements of the European-Siberian phytogeographic region (Figure 1).
Due to the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on the destruction of ecological balance, there will be uncertainty in the distribution of rare wooden plants in endangered categories in the flora of Azerbaijan in certain categories of IUCN over time. From this point of view, the division of rare plants into categories after a certain period of time should be revised.
|
d 1 |
+ |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
о НН Q 1 о ь И Ь Z о НН и И Он НН в о О О л Й о О ц |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||||||||||
|
.50 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Q |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||||||||||||||||||
|
<1 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||||||||||||||||||
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|||||||||||||||||
|
тн 2И <§ |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
ie |
2 «й |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
«ч |
|
<и |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
ОД |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
^ |
2 1 £ |
2 1 |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
g Q И сл ^ ос 1 Й > Q О О и и К О сл НН СЛ > 1 |
1 5 |
СЛ ^ 43 N О S |
СЛ О К 43 О N О S |
СЛ О К 43 О й й |
СЛ О К 43 О й й |
СЛ О К 43 Рч 2 N О S |
к 43 Рч О о S |
СЛ О К 43 Рч О ед о S |
СЛ ^ 43 Рч 2 N О S |
СЛ О к 43 Рч О О о S |
СЛ ^ 43 Рч О О о S |
СЛ О К 43 Рч О й й |
к 43 Рч О О § О о S |
СЛ О К 43 Рч О ед о S |
СЛ О К 43 Рч N О S |
СЛ ОО К 43 Рч N ОО S |
СЛ ОО К 43 Рч 2 ОО N ОО S |
СЛ ОО К 43 Рч 2 ОО N ОО S |
|||
|
2 •2 Ьо Ьо 2 4' |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
S |
S |
S |
н 6 й |
’З S |
н 6 |
§ Й 6 И |
н 6 |
о S |
S |
н 6 2 |
о S |
о S |
о S |
ОО ОО S |
ОО Й 6 И |
ОО й ОО S |
|||||
|
50 |
2 <и И й |
Оз Оз 5 |
53 Оз Оз 5 ^ |
3 50 |
"2 Оз S К од |
В ^ |
Оз 3 К 2 S' оз |
2 Оз 2 2 2 2 |
53 к 2 Оз 3 S од |
53 2 о о оз S од |
2 ^ 53 К |
53 53 2 53 В Оз К |
2 Оз 53 К 2 |
53 Оз 53 53 50 •Й <и |
•й 53 <и |
53 2 О 2<) <и |
53 2 2! 50 Оз S ъ б |
||||
|
ГЧ |
-Г |
М3 |
40 |
ОО |
о |
О |
23 |
СП |
ЧО |
|
22 |
+ |
|||||||||||||||||
|
53 |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|||||||||
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||||||||||||
|
^ |
+ |
+ |
||||||||||||||||
|
Q |
||||||||||||||||||
|
и <1 |
+ |
+ |
||||||||||||||||
|
+ |
+ |
|||||||||||||||||
|
+ |
+ |
^ «t£ |
s^ |
|||||||||||||||
|
тэ£ < |
T3& < |
Sc 2^ к$нн |
2 |
|||||||||||||||
|
^M |
s^ |
Kj^p sb |
> m |
|||||||||||||||
|
bq |
+ |
|||||||||||||||||
|
g 2 |
CO ^ 43 Рч О Й d z |
CO ^ 43 N О s |
CO ^ 43 N О s |
CO К 43 2 N qj s |
CO 43 2 N О s |
CO 43 2 N О s |
CO 43 N О s |
CO ^ 43 Рч О ад о S |
СО О К 43 Рч О б О о S |
СО о К 43 Рч 2 N О S |
СО О 43 О ад о S |
СО О 43 Рч О S |
СО о К 43 Рч N О S |
СО О 43 Рч О О ад о S |
СО К 43 Рч 2 N О S |
СО К 43 Рч 2 N О S |
СО О 43 Рч О S |
СО О 43 Рч ад |
|
•2 bo bo s' |
s H 6 2 |
§ О Й kJ ’в s |
§ О Й kJ ’в s |
kJ GJ Й kJ s |
s H 6 |
§ о Й kJ s |
2 Й kJ Рч О -5 |
§ й kJ ’в S |
й kJ й kJ S |
н 6 2 |
§ й kJ S |
й О Й S |
н 6 2 |
§ й kJ S |
н 6 |
н 6 |
й kJ й kJ ’З S |
н 6 |
|
to |
53 ^0 2 53 К 53 Q |
to to g Q |
53 К 53 2 to 3 |
43 ^ |
2 to 53 Si, 5 Чз ^ |
53 1 |
53 К 53 2 |
2 to К Ьо ^ |
^ to 3 to 5 £ 53 <1 |
53 2 2 53 |
•й 2 о to 2 Л, |
53 2 2 2 2 to |
53 К 53 £ to 2 |
53 р to Si, to 2 & а. |
2 2 2 to to Р |
53 2 to 53 53 о to S Р |
§ 53 |
2 2 to 53 О to О) |
|
oo |
o> |
ri |
ЧО |
00 |
СП |
|
^S |
|||||||||||
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|||
|
+ |
+ |
||||||||||
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
||||||
|
<1 |
|||||||||||
|
+ |
+ |
||||||||||
|
g |
сз^^! |
||||||||||
|
tei |
СЗ*— sb |
||||||||||
|
tel |
|||||||||||
|
^ |
|||||||||||
|
g 4 |
СЛ О К 43 Рч О ад о S |
СЛ ^ 43 N О S |
СЛ О К 43 N О S |
СЛ ^ & О о о S |
СЛ ^ 43 Рч О й Z |
СЛ о 43 Рч О й Z |
СЛ ^ 43 Рч О й Z |
СЛ ОО К 43 Рч О О § о S |
СЛ ОО ^ 43 Рч О ОО о о S |
СЛ ОО К 43 Рч N ОО S |
СЛ ОО К 43 Рч 2 ОО N ОО S |
|
.2 boo |
S н 6 2 |
н 6 2 |
н 6 2 |
й Й о S |
§ Й 6 И |
н 6 2 |
н 6 2 |
н 6 2 |
Й 6 И |
н 6 2 |
н 6 2 |
|
53 50 Oi |
2 2 53 <и 50 О) |
Оз К Оз О ^ Оз 3 50 Oi |
•2 о оз § |
Оз S О Оз S О ^ |
Оз К 53 2 Оз 3 Оз ^ |
53 Оз 53 53 50 .Н to |
53 •2 Оз 53 50 53 50 Оз -2 |
53 50 53 Й |
•й 2 & •й |
•2 2 53 50 53 |
|
|
чо |
ГП |
ОО |
04 |
о |
чо |
Figure 1. Distribution of the studied species by phytogeographic regions.
As a result of the analysis, it was found out that 6 species of nanofanerophyte, 10 species of microfanerophyte, 23 species of mesophanopherus and 7 species are mesafanerophytes (Figure 2).
i Nanophanerophytes ■ Microphanerophytes ■ Mezophanerophytes Megophanerophytes
-
Figure 2. Life forms of studied species.
Список литературы Analysis of the rare woody plants used in greenery for phytogeographic region, life form and IUCN categories
- Backhouse G., Cameron D. Application of IUCN 2001 Red List categories in determining the conservation status of native orchids of Victoria, Australia // Selbyana. 2005. P. 58-74.
- Imm D. W. et al. Rare plants of southeastern hardwood forests and the role of predictive modeling // Natural Areas Journal. 2001. V. 21. №1.
- Gärdenfors U. et al. The application of IUCN Red List criteria at regional levels // Conservation biology. 2001. V. 15. №5. P. 1206-1212. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2001.00112.x
- Hajiyev V. J., Musayev, S. H. Plants and vegetation types recommended in the Red and Green Books of Azerbaijan. Baku, Elm, 1996. 40 p.
- Искендер Е. О. Современное исследование состояния биоэкологических свойств редких и исчезающих видов деревьев и кустарников Азербайджана в условиях in situ и ex situ // Известия НАНА, Биологические науки. 2008. T. 63. №5-6. C. 48-58.
- Iskender E. et al. Investigation and introduction of some rare and threatened plants from Turkey // Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 2006. V. 20. №3. P. 60-68.
- Курбанов М. Р., Искендер Э. О. Изучение и сохранение редких и исчезающих древесных растений Азербайджана в ex situ и in situ. 2009.
- Ильина В. Н. Возможность определения категории редкости видов растений с использованием цено-популяционных методов // Современные проблемы эволюции: сб. докл. Ульяновск, 2006. С. 332-336.
- Ахундов Г. Ф., Гогина Е. Е., Прилипко Л. И. Узкоэндемичные и редкие виды природной флоры Нахичеванской АССР // Бюл. Гл. ботан. сада АН СССР. 1978. №107. С. 54-62.
- Семенова Г. П., Седельников В. П. Редкие и исчезающие виды флоры Сибири: биология, охрана. Новосибирск: Гео, 2007.
