Anthropology of tourism: the impact of tourism practices on host communities

The paper reports on the issue of the impact of tourism as an anthropological phenomenon on local ethno-cultural communities. Globalization and tourism have an impact on local host communities in two opposite directions: first of all, it improves the quality of life of local residents, but it can lead to a change or loss of cultural identity. Tourism creates new jobs, develops infrastructure, and attracts investors, but the uncontrolled and ill-conceived organization of tourist flows to the places of residence of the aboriginal population without studying the complexity of ethno-cultural communications and interactions threatens to worsen cultural and social environments. The purpose of the research is to analyze the impact of tourism on ethno-cultural communities on the example of an ethnic excursion to the place of compact residence of the Komi-Zyryan people in the Ivanovka village of the Yalutorovsky district of the Tyumen region. The basis of the paper is the materials of domestic and foreign authors on the tourism anthropology, as well as the practical experience of the authors of the paper on the design and implementation of ethnic excursion. The authors show the history of creation, content and features of this ethnic excursion to the place of compact residence of the Komi-Zyryan people. One of the research methods was a survey of local residents Ivanovka village about the changes that have occurred in their life after visiting tourists from 2015 to our time. The paper shows that tourism contributes to the preservation of traditions and material and cultural values, activates the local community, makes it more open in the information sphere, and has a positive impact on ethnic identity. In conclusion, the authors raise questions about the need for further study of tourism as an anthropological phenomenon, its impact on ethnic identity, the degree and nature of interaction between tourists and local residents.