Культура и цивилизация. Рубрика в журнале - Сервис plus
"Культура и цивилизация" как основной вопрос социологии культуры
Статья научная
Понятия «культура» и «цивилизация» в обыденном языке употребляются как синонимы. Но для философии и культурологии разделение этих понятий - вопрос принципиальный. И дело не только в том, что на идее противопоставления культуры и цивилизации построено большинство культурологических концепций XIX и XX веков. Что более существенно, сам ход исторического процесса в Европе и России наглядно показывает, что ценности культуры и цивилизации не только не совпадают, но и находятся на различных полюсах системы ценностей. Мы стали очевидцами, как современная цивилизация буквально вытесняет многовековые завоевания человечества в сфере Духа. Цивилизация и культура, понятые в качестве оппозиционных понятий, позволяют сопоставить их с «духовно-тварной» природой человека, его дуальностью и противоречивыми тенденциями в его духовном бытии. Понятия цивилизации и культуры в статье понимаются как совокупность материальных ценностей (цивилизация) и ценностей духовных (культура). Автор убежден, что в такой интерпретации эти системы приобретают трагический характер. Игнорирование цивилизационных вызовов современному миру чревато превращением человека в специалиста, его жизни в работу. В рамках «цивилизованных» отношений человек рискует деградировать до штамповки, социального эрзаца, потеряв собственно человеческие качества, индивидуальность, лицо, уникальность. Развитие техногенной цивилизации в ущерб культуре грозит нам нивелировкой духовных ценностей, накопленных человечеством веками. А значит, наша история рискует превратиться в дорогу в никуда.
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Статья научная
Unprecedented changes in culture and public consciousness were observed in the post-revolutionary period of Russia. It was then that the transition was made from the established norms of culture and society to completely new concepts dictated by the ideology of socialism. The reflection of changes in public consciousness was observed in all spheres of social life. However, despite the apparent spontaneity of the changes, it is necessary to realize that all transformations were under the control of the established power of the Bolsheviks. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively examine the socio-cultural aspect of problems faced by Russian society and the newly formed government after the fateful revolution of 1917. This turning point in history led to a profound rupture of the established ideological, social and cultural structure, which had been formed before under the influence of a long patriarchal-imperialist system. Overcoming this challenging phase required the Bolshevik authorities to skillfully manage two distinct imperatives: seizing control of diverse cultural narratives and purposefully directing public consciousness toward the collective creation of a fundamentally new socialist reality. This paper scrutinizes the main methods effectively employed by the Bolsheviks in an era of profound social division. In addition, the paper critically explores the definition and immense importance of material and audiovisual symbols in the process of creating and affirming new cultural ideas. Emphasizing the pervasive role of symbols at all stages of "new age" identity formation, including their integration into the educational system. The assumption is made that the post-revolutionary era serves as an exemplary basis for the effective management of ideological aspects of society. Finally, the necessity of modern application of this model is substantiated, emphasizing its continuing relevance in the conditions of the modern world.
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Creative industries in Russia in post COVID-19 time: the case of Urals region.
Статья научная
The Middle Urals region is famous for its 300 years of industrial metallurgy history. The world-famous Russian metallurgy plants were built and worked here since 1702. During the XX century some of them were destroyed or replaced, but plants’ buildings still exist. This rich industrial heritage nowadays has become a fundament for a uniqueness of Urals creative industries. Russian government and The Agency for Strategic Initiatives developed a program to renovate such territories. This all-Russian program is for the transformation of the territories of former industrial zones and abandoned buildings. The Middle Urals became a leader of the third stage of the federal project Creative Lab and a pilot region for creative industries. This article is devoted to the analyze of the regional development of creative industries and the usage of former industrial zone and abandoned buildings for it. There are several directions in which the work of the creative sector development is occurred in the Middle Urals: 1) writing the Strategy of the creative industries development; 2) development of a whole network of creative sites in the region on the territories of former plants and industrial facilities; 3) business education for creative entrepreneurs and new university educational standards for creatives industries.
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Cultural determinants influencing shifts in the preferred target language for study in Russia
Статья научная
In the context of Russian society, the popularity of foreign languages has played a pivotal role in fostering socio-economic progress. As globalization continues to advance, proficiency in foreign languages has emerged as an indispensable asset, unlocking diverse opportunities that extend beyond mere communication to encompass facets such as international travel, professional networking, and intercultural interactions. This research article is dedicated to examining the historical and cultural determinants that shape language preferences in educational settings, scrutinizing the evolving patterns in the selection of primary target foreign languages for widespread study. Noteworthy attention is directed towards delineating the underlying factors, including economic considerations, significant shifts in the geopolitical landscape, and the establishment of new cultural affiliations in response to these dynamic influences. The article underscores the fluid nature of cultural and linguistic transformations resultant from the intricate interplay between external stimuli and internal dynamics that define societies across various developmental stages. Subsequent studies are envisaged to forecast prospective shifts in language preference trends, informed by the present analysis and the prevailing contextual factors.
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Статья научная
In pedagogy, culture contributes to the formation of personality and has significant pedagogical and educational potential. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, educational scientists increasingly note the relationship between culture and the discipline "Foreign language" as a fact of the formation moral and aesthetic consciousness of the individual. The development of the cultural idea in teaching foreign languages in Russia during the specified period of time is studied. The main goal is to study the development of factors promoting the learning of foreign languages in the context of cultural dialogue. The research task is to analyze the influence of the culturological idea on the methodology of teaching foreign languages in Russia at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st century. Attention is drawn to the importance of familiarizing students with cultural studies material for understanding a different culture, developing readiness to communicate in a foreign language environment, tolerance and respect. The culturological approach is considered as one of the strategically important approaches of that time, in which culture acts as the core in the process of teaching foreign languages. Examples of differences in the communicative behavior of different peoples are given; the main sources of cultural knowledge (textbooks) are demonstrated. It is concluded that becoming a participant in intercultural communication, the student must learn to accept a different culture, its values and advantages. The cultural potential is the strategic objective of the subject "Foreign language", which means that the study of foreign languages must necessarily take place in the context of culture.
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Статья научная
The article deals with the experience of the functioning of Mari music in the Soviet period (1917-1985). The relevance of the topic is determined by the lack of comprehensive studies on the problem of formation and development of musical culture of the Mari ASSR in the context of interaction with power structures. The study of the processes of development of ethnic cultures is important for the critical understanding and creative use of the experience gained in the Soviet period for the further improvement of the interaction between national cultural centres and state bodies. Understanding of the stages of origin, development and integration of the cultures of different peoples of the country will help to raise their status in society, further integration into the cultural space of Russia. Aim of the work: to understand the experience of interaction of different branches of the Mari musical culture and party-government bodies and to identify the lessons. The object of the study is the process of formation and development of Mari musical culture in the period 1917-1985. Empirical basis of the research was the Mari musical culture in connection with the activities of Soviet and party bodies, educational and cultural institutions and organisations in the Soviet period from 1917 to 1985. Systemic, complex and axiological approaches were applied, as well as comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods. The analysis allowed us to identify the factors contributing to the formation of professional Mari musical culture in the period 1917-1985. As a result of the understanding of the experience of interaction between musical, state and public institutions, a number of lessons have been learned in relation to the issues of further development of culture in the Republic of Mari El. The study of the historical processes of the above-mentioned period allows us to conclude that the authorities, organisations and institutions, famous creative and political leaders had a favourable influence on the development of Mari culture in the Soviet period, despite the ideological constants.
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Metaphorical interpretation of sociocultural processes in Russia in the 20th - 21st centuries
Статья научная
The article proves that metaphorical constructions occur in various linguistic and cultural phenomena. We have analyzed the works of several authors, who have made a deciding contribution to the investigation of the essence of metaphor theory and its understanding. The specialties of the methodologies have been characterized. The poetic texts are especially rich in metaphors. The special attention is given to the poetic texts, written at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. The Russian poetic texts are being analyzed: in these texts we are revealing metaphors, representing the specific features of the cultural and historical period under investigation. Every nation has a particular volume of knowledge. Part of this information is contained in cultural codes. For the analysis of these codes, the peculiarities of cultural customs and traditions, conception of Russia in the beginning of the twenty-first century, we are using the method of decoding poetic metaphor constructions in the texts of Russian poets. The aim of the decoding is to understand the meaning content and cultural information, hidden in poetic metaphors. It is concluded that metaphor has a hidden meaning, which is a hidden meaning of the literature text. This implicit, subtext information contains ethno-cultural and historical meaning and represents sociocultural environment of the epoch. The topicality of the present research is determined by the scientific interest in correlation between language and culture, the interest in those language elements, which enrich the language itself, and at the same time keep the historic information, and cultural heritage of nations. For these processes poetic metaphor, as one of the most common literature tropes, has much significance.
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Play Gogol: постмодернистская интерпретация раннего Гоголя в сериале Е. Баранова
Статья научная
На художественно-визуальном материале сериала Е. Баранова «Гоголь» исследуется перекодировка литературного текста Н. В. Гоголя в современном кинематографическом сознании. Выявлены параллели романтического литературного языка с визуальным киноязыком современности на уровне как художественных приемов, так и антропологических идеалов. Эстетика и поэтика сериала «Гоголь» подвергается анализу сквозь призму концепции клипового сознания. Фрагментарность композиции повести Н. В. Гоголя «Страшная месть» соотносится с принципом сериальности, который в XXI веке как культурный код успешно интегрирован в художественный текст, высказываются предварительные выводы о разной природе данных приёмов. С другой стороны, в статье на примерах нескольких различных экранизаций текстов Н. В. Гоголя показано, что сама авторская позиция писателя провоцирует экранные рецепции на включение образа Гоголя в художественный мир его персонажей, что обосновывает анализ сериального Гоголь-мира, проведенный авторами статьи...
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Статья научная
In modern Russian culture, studying values is of particular importance due to the pronounced socio-cultural transformations and the change of life-meaning orientations among representatives of almost all generations, but, first of all, young people. The key approaches to considering the concept of “values” demonstrate their significance in various periods, determining a person’s attitude to their activities, the prevailing meanings of being, compliance with moral and ethical social principles, and traditional spiritual attitudes inherent in the culture. Over time, society undergoes a transformation in the political, economic, and social spheres. The introduction of young people to traditional values determines cultural continuity, which gradually helps young people understand essential and valuable things for themselves, contributing to their self-development, focusing on the spiritual values of the relevant society. Youth is a socio-demographic group that covers people aged 14-16 to 25-35 years. This group is one of the most complicated in organizing and forming a value-semantic sphere during the transition from childhood and adolescence, the formation of social responsibility, and the acquisition of rights and obligations. The research aims to highlight the terminal values of modern youth. An empirical study involving a morphological test of life values as a technique allowed us to identify the most significant value attitudes for modern youth. The method of comparing the theoretical basis of the psychological characteristics of young people with the results obtained enabled us to further adjust the work with young people and improve youth policy and educational activities in the context of the results obtained, justifying the novelty in the changes in the value-semantic sphere of modern youth.
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The groundwork of literary stylization: genre, style, and cultural pragmatics
Статья научная
The purpose of the best aesthetically valid translation of a poetic work can be best achieved through stylization. From the linguistic point of view stylisation is “an imitation of a manner, or narrative style, etc, typical of some genre, social milieu, time in history, etc, usually aiming at creating an impression of authenticity” (Akhmanova, 1969). Normally a writer, aiming at creating the said effect, never tries to reproduce an exhaustive set of the peculiar genre features of imitated text, but thinks in terms of the “necessary and sufficient” amount of conceptually and linguistically specific features bearing the main load in creating a particular effect. A researcher, whose task is to reveal these features, should probably begin by making a complete list of stylistic devices used by the author, and then consider their relative functional significance in producing a desired impact. The results of such study appear to be of a high practical value for a translator, who invariably faces the problem of the balance between conceptually significant elements and emotional-expressive “decorators”.
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The impact of a dominant foreign language on a country’s culture in the context of globalisation
Статья научная
In today's globalized world, the influence of English on different cultures is undeniable. English is studied in all parts of the world. This is due to the natural processes of intercultural interconnection, which reached its historical peak in the 21st century, in terms of the development of economic relations, tourism, technology and access to information. Learning English certainly includes learning the culture of English-speaking countries, in particular the culture of the United Kingdom and the United States. This leads to the inevitable Westernization of the culture of any country. Moreover, learning English allows society to immerse itself in Western mass culture. Often, these processes are perceived as positive global changes, providing a better understanding and a high level of intercultural communication. However, there may come no denying the downside of widespread English language learning. This paper examines the relationship between language and culture, and the role of language in shaping the cultural ethnic base. The influence of a foreign language on the authentic culture is considered, examples of bilingual cultures are given. The problems of integrating a foreign language into the local culture are highlighted. Ways to mitigate the effects of widespread learning of English and its impact on the authentic culture of the country are suggested.
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The impact of textual interpretation modification on the formation of a cultural national code
Статья научная
The society is in a continuous process of formations transformation. This process is conditioned by many factors. Formation shifting in modern society is mainly caused by the growing processes of informatization and development of communication technologies, which have a significant impact on the cultural aspect of the social mentality. This paper examines the concepts of the information society and its impact on the cultural aspect of human civilization. It discusses the role of technology in the transmission of information and the importance of sign systems in facilitating the storage and transfer of knowledge. In addition, the nature of the relationship between culture and information flows is emphasized and explained, attention is drawn to how information shapes cultural processes and practices, and how cultural frameworks influence the generation and dissemination of information. Moral, ethical and aesthetic factors governing the dissemination of information are examined in detail. The role of cultural values in communication, the importance of cultural texts as carriers of meaning and values, and the dynamic nature of cultural values in relation to specific cultural and historical contexts are discussed. Classical cultural texts are considered as a benchmark for the transmission of information containing the cultural national code. The question is raised about the distortion of cultural texts interpretation in the conditions of the society informatization.
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Статья научная
Each country's labor market reflects the cultural values, historical established concepts, and communication culture of each individual country. Therefore, the formation of professional competence of higher education students is directly related to the immersion in the peculiarities of intercultural communication. This paper examines the trends of changes in the professional culture of future professionals. The importance of mastering the aspects of intercultural communication in the process of shaping professional competence of HSE students is considered. The detailed analysis of the relationship between the study of individual subjects, intercultural communication and the formation of professional competence in the context of cultural features of the labor sphere of foreign countries is given.
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Статья научная
In the modern world politics play an immensely important role, determining social, economic, humanitarian and cultural development of countries. Democratization of state institutions and rapid development of information technologies, have created new ways for citizens to participate in the political life of the country. This function is executed by political advertising. To meet the many different needs that contributed to the emergence of the phenomenon of political advertising, and due to the development of new technology, the media and the Internet, rapid, widespread changes in political advertising have occurred, it has actualized and new types and classifications have appeared. In the context of globalization, when people from different parts of the world and cultures are becoming closer to each other, there is a need to reduce the communication gap by studying the worldview of people who speak different languages. This is facilitated by quality translation that takes into account all the subtleties of highly imaginative texts, which include political advertising. The aim of the study is to find ways to translate political speeches into Russian preserving the style and linguocultural peculiarities of political texts of various genres, while retaining their semantic and pragmatic functions. The subject of the study is linguocultural peculiarities of political campaings, explicit and implicit means of presenting information, linguistic ways of achieving perlocutionary effect and suggestive methods of manipulating public opinion, as well as various methods of translating political advertisements of different genres from English into Russian without loss of imagery or layers of meaning. The object of the study is political advertising in the US and UK in years 2000 to 2020. Included in this article are some of the examples of the use of culture-specific elements in different genres of political advertising in the US and the UK and their translation, which are part of a larger ongoing study by the same author.
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The problem of musicality and musical styles of flamenco
Статья научная
This article is devoted to the problem of musicality and musical abilities, emphasizing personal perception and interpretation of music. These categories are viewed in the context of the personal-activity approach. It is stated that musical abilities are manifested in three varieties: listening to music, performing it and composing. It is emphasized that musicality of a person is expressed in the following abilities: the ability to feel music emotionally by ear, the ability to recognize the pitch of a sound, the ability to remember and reproduce melodies, as well as to create new ones. The authors reveal the features and principles of performing styles on the example of flamenco music and dance. The article provides a brief overview of musical features of some flamenco styles, such as solea, sigiriya, cana, allegrias, etc. The emotional component, the performing manner and the rhythmic peculiarities of these styles have been considered. Along with the existing classifications of flamenco styles, the article provides an authors’ classification, emphasizing the perception level of complexity by a non-native of Spanish culture. According to the authors' observations, the most difficult for Russian performers are the original styles of cante jondo singing, which has a musical size of 3/4. The article also reflects the modern development of flamenco music, which widely uses elements of jazz, rock and other trends. It is stated that the ethnically diverse fundamental principle of flamenco was the reason for such a rich rhythmic and musical palette of this art.
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The problem of the linguistic integration impact on a country's cultural identity
Статья научная
There is no doubt that in the last few decades mankind has evolved along the path of active globalization, reflected in the expansion of contacts and interaction between peoples and the integration of their cultures. Changes in the world, in life and in forms of communication are inevitably reflected in language. The integration of economic and cultural areas leads to socio-cultural convergence and, as a result, to the enrichment of cultures through the natural processes of absorption of elements of foreign cultures. The increase in cultural and direct contacts makes the issue of cultural identity and the preservation of cultural differences relevant. In this context, it is important to be able to identify peoples' cultural particularities and to seek mutual recognition. This article looks in detail at the processes taking place within the framework of intercultural communication. It raises the issue of maintaining cultural identity and integrity in a globalized world. Particular attention is paid to the role of language as a reflection of culture. The main tendencies of language changes due to a growing number of loanwords on the example of the Russian language are described. The problem of "pollution" of the language by notions that do not have an etymological reflection in the national culture is considered.
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Статья научная
The main topic of the study is the social responsibility of foreign religious institutions and their organizations. Main subjects under investigation are the main content, leading directions and ways of implementation of social responsibility using the example of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sweden (ELCS). The goal of this study is to identify prevailing features and characteristics of the activities related to social responsibility at the level of a religious institution with great cultural significance, predominant number of adherents and «national» status. Conclusions are based on data achieved from financial reports of the ELCS for the period 2011-2018. Comparative comparison, analysis and synthesis methods were used. The main hypothesis of the study is that the spheres covered by social responsibility of the leading religious institutions are expanding following the actualization of socioeconomic problems at the national level. The ELCS implement a variety of activities within the framework of social responsibility, but they are mainly focused on education, culture, employment spheres and adaptation of migrants' programs. The experience of the ELCS in organizing socially oriented events, developing the content and forms of their conduct can be useful for Russian religious institutions (as for those that already have similar experience, as for those that are just planning to start).
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Статья научная
In the course of widespread globalization, the cultural boundaries of countries are being blurred. However, the cultural characteristics of each country are still reflected in the language of that country. Advertising texts are the best example of reflecting contemporary cultural trends in language form. This paper examines the importance of advertising texts in terms of reflecting cultural trends of different countries. The paper provides arguments to support the importance of understanding a country's culture in order to conduct one's professional activities in it. Examples of cultural reflections of a country through the analysis of the language and stylistic techniques of advertising texts are given. The paper analyzes the possibility of using advertisement texts to form intercultural professional competence of Higher School students.
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Актуальные методы проектирования в дизайне костюма в контексте культуры постмодерна
Статья научная
Статья посвящена анализу методов проектирования современного дизайна костюма. Предмет исследова- ния - творческие методы проектирования дизайна. Целью исследования является рассмотрение методов, характерных для постмодернистской культуры, которые применяются в дизайне костюма. Гипотеза ис- следования - характерные методы интерпретации традиции в постмодерне - эклектизм, коллаж (ме- тод цитат), цитирование, деконструкция, пародирование, ироническая стилизация, винтаж, актуальны и для дизайна костюма. В исследовании были применены культурологический подход, рассматривающий современную проектную деятельность как часть культуры постмодернизма, системный подход, позво- ляющий выявить связь эстетических теорий с конкретной практикой дизайн-проектирования, эстети- ческий подход в анализе особенностей культуры постмодернизма, искусствоведческий анализ в описании объектов дизайна костюма. В работе доказано, что современные дизайнеры костюма активно пользуют- ся методами постмодернизма, что позволяет создавать многообразную среду, отражающую меняющиеся и разнообразные потребности человека. Анализ практики проектирования в контексте эстетики пост- модернизма позволил выявить связи дизайна костюма с общекультурными процессами. Впервые были про- анализированы методы проектирования в диза йне костюма, связанные с категорией комического - иро- ническая стилизация, пародирование, игра со смыслами, приемы остроумия, рассмотрены в связи с другими методами постмодернизма: эклектикой, коллажом, трансгрессией. Изучение актуальных методов про- ектирования дизайна костюма, с одной стороны, дополняет недостаточно изученные области в теории дизайна. С другой стороны, результаты исследования могут быть использованы при разработке учебных программ и преподавании профессиональных дисциплин профиля «Дизайн костюма» направления 54.03.01 «Дизайн» - проектирование костюма, история дизайна, история домов моды. В дальнейшем можно будет исследовать актуальные методы проектирования в дизайне костюма в связи с экологической эстетикой.
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Альбер Камю: возможна ли мораль в ситуации абсурда?
Статья научная
В работе ставится вопрос об этическом наследии экзистенциальной философии в лице А. Камю. Демонстрируется, что на базе абсурдистской философии, отрицающей существование высшего смысла, возможна аргументация против моральной вседозволенности. Авторы показывают, что чувство абсурда приводит нас к бунту во имя защиты достоинства человеческой личности. Если мир в лице природы или социума попирает это достоинство, утверждая никчемность и ненужность человеческой жизни, бунтарь будет бороться за создание общества, исходящего из прямо противоположного.
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