Археология Арктики: обзор зарубежных исследовательских проектов (Канада, Гренландия, Норвегия)

Археология Арктики: обзор зарубежных исследовательских проектов (Канада, Гренландия, Норвегия)

Автор: Шмидт И.В., Федорова Д.С.

Журнал: Гуманитарные исследования в Восточной Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке @gisdv

Рубрика: Археология, антропология и этнология в Circum-Pacific

Статья в выпуске: 2 (68), 2024 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Статья посвящена обзору зарубежных исследовательских проектов, направленных на сохранение археологического наследия арктической зоны в условиях климатического кризиса. Авторы рассматривают такие проекты, как «Arctic CHAR» (Канада), «REMAINS of Greenland» (Гренландия) и «CULTCOAST» (Норвегия), в качестве возможного варианта методической реакции на происходящие изменения в крио-контекстах археологических памятников. В статье проанализированы цели и задачи данных проектов, использованные методические алгоритмы и полученные результаты.

Арктическая археология, культурное наследие

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/170205610

IDR: 170205610   |   DOI: 10.24866/1997-2857/2024-2/54-63

Список литературы Археология Арктики: обзор зарубежных исследовательских проектов (Канада, Гренландия, Норвегия)

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  • Brenøe, S.I., 2023. Conference review: On melting ground. Arctic Archaeology. Polarforschung, Vol. 91, pp. 1–4.
  • Brodie, N. et al., 2006. Archaeology, cultural heritage, and the antiquities trade. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  • Center for Permafrost (CENPERM). REMAINS has started. URL: https://cenperm.ku.dk/news/remains-has-started/
  • Descals, A. et al., 2022. Unprecedented fire activity above the Arctic Circle linked to rising temperatures. Science, Vol. 378, no. 6619, pp. 532–537.
  • Flyen, A.C., Flyen, C. and Hegnes, A.W., 2023. Exploring vulnerability indicators: tourist impact on cultural heritage sites in High Arctic Svalbard. Heritage, Vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 7706–7726.
  • Friesen, M., 2015. Arctic cultural heritage at risk (Arctic CHAR): Climate change impacts on the Inuvialuit archaeological record. Progress report on the 2015 field season. Toronto.
  • Friesen, M., 2016. Arctic cultural heritage at risk (Arctic CHAR): Climate change impacts on the Inuvialuit archaeological record. Progress report on the 2016 field season. Toronto.
  • Friesen, M., 2017. Arctic cultural heritage at risk (Arctic CHAR): Climate change impacts on the Inuvialuit archaeological record. Progress report on the 2017 field season. Toronto.
  • Friesen, M. and Méreuze, R., 2020. An igluryuaq unearthed: a pre-contact Inuvialuit cruciform house from Arctic Canada. Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 464–478.
  • Friesen, T.M., 2015. The Arctic CHAR project: climate change impacts on the Inuvialuit archaeological record. Les Nouvelles de l’archéologie, Vol. 141, pp. 31–37.
  • Hollesen, J. et al., 2015. Winter warming as an important co-driver for Betula nana growth in western Greenland during the past century. Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 2410–2423.
  • Hollesen, J. et al., 2018. Climate change and the deteriorating archaeological and environmental archives of the Arctic. Antiquity, Vol. 93, no. 363, pp. 573–586.
  • Hollesen, J. et al., 2015. Permafrost thawing in organic Arctic soils accelerated by ground heat production. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 5, pp. 574–578.
  • How cultural heritage is threatened by nature and tourists in the Arctic. URL: https://www.niku.no/en/2019/08/how-cultural-heritage-is-threatened-by-nature-and-tourists-in-the-arctic/
  • Irrgang, A.M. et al., 2019. Impacts of past and future coastal changes on the Yukon coast – threats for cultural sites, infrastructure, and travel routes. Arctic Science, Vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 107–126.
  • Lewkowicz, A. and Way, R., 2019. Extremes of summer climate trigger thousands of thermokarst landslides in a High Arctic environment. Nature Communications, Vol. 10. URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09314-7
  • Li, X. et al., 2021. Influences of forest fires on the permafrost environment: a review. Advances in Climate Change Research, Vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 48–65.
  • Martens, V.V. and Krangnes, L., 2022. Monitoring as a tool to evaluate preservation possibilities. Results from the CULTCOAST project. Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol. 10. URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.960420/full
  • Matthiesen, H. et al., 2021. Bone degradation at five Arctic archaeological sites: quantifying the importance of burial environment and bone characteristics. Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol. 125. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030544032030217X
  • Matthiesen, H. et al., 2020. The impact of vegetation on archaeological sites in the Low Arctic in light of climate change. Arctic, Vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 141–152.
  • Nicu, I.C. et al., 2021. Coastal erosion of Arctic cultural heritage in danger: a case study from Svalbard, Norway. Water, Vol. 13, no. 6. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13060784
  • Nicu, I.C. et al., 2020. Coastal erosion affecting cultural heritage in Svalbard. A case study in Hiorthhamn (Adventfjorden) – an abandoned mining settlement. Sustainability, Vol. 12, no. 6. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062306
  • Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research (NIKU). CULTCOAST. URL: https://www.niku.no/en/prosjekter/cultcoast/
  • NOVA. PBS. Arctic sinkholes. Full documentary. URL: https://youtu.be/HvKpnaXYUPU
  • Pedersen, N. et al., 2020. Fungal attack on archaeological wooden artefacts in the Arctic – implications in a changing climate. Scientific Reports, Vol. 10. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71518-5
  • Pitul’ko, V.V., 2013. The Zhokhov Island site and ancient habitation in the Arctic: a Mesolithic wet site in the Arctic Ocean. Burnaby: Archaeology Press.
  • Prendin, A. et al., 2022. Influences of summer warming and nutrient availability on Salix glauca L. growth in Greenland along an ice to sea gradient. Scientific Reports, Vol. 12. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05322-8
  • Radosavljević, B. et al., 2016. Erosion and flooding – threats to coastal infrastructure in the Arctic: a case study from Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada. Estuaries and Coasts, Vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 900–915.
  • REMAINS of Greenland. URL: https://cenperm.ku.dk/news/remains-has-started/REMAINS_of_Greenland.pdf
  • REMAINS of Greenland. 4 years of fieldwork and research. URL: https://online.flowpaper.com/776c0763/Smartrapport/#page=1
  • REMAINS of Greenland. Field report 2016. URL: https://nka.gl/fileadmin/user_upload/feltrapporter/REMAINS_NKA_report_23.12.2016.pdf
  • Rosen, Y., 2021. Thaw-triggered landslides are a growing hazard in the warming North. URL: https://www.arctictoday.com/thaw-triggered-landslides-are-a-growing-hazard-in-the-warming-north/
  • Tavakoli, S. et al., 2023. First geophysical investigations to study a fragile Pomor cultural heritage site at Russekeila – Kapp Linné, Svalbard. Journal of Cultural Heritage, Vol. 63, no. 363, pp. 187–193.
  • Thoman, R.L., Moon, T.A. and Druckenmiller, M.L. eds., 2023. Arctic Report Card 2023. URL: https://arctic.noaa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ArcticReportCard_full_report2023.pdf
  • Tjelldén, A. et al., 2015. Impact of roots and rhizomes on wetland archaeology: a review. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, Vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 370–391.
  • Walsh, J. et al., 2020. Extreme weather and climate events in northern areas: a review. Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 209. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303706
  • Young, A.M. et al., 2017. Climatic thresholds shape northern high-latitude fire regimes and imply vulnerability to future climate change. Ecography, Vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 606–617.
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